Перевод: с английского на русский

с русского на английский

overall process

Толкование Перевод

1 overall process

1) Военный термин: общий процесс

2) Робототехника: процесс в целом, целостный процесс (как объект управления)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > overall process
2 overall process

единый процесс

Politics english-russian dictionary > overall process
3 overall process

общий процесс

English-Russian military dictionary > overall process
4 overall process

процесс в целом, целостный процесс

Англо-русский словарь по робототехнике > overall process
5 overall process

общий процесс

English-Russian dictionary of terms that are used in computer games > overall process
6 process

1. способ; технология; процесс

process man — технолог

ESR process — процесс ЭШП

Bohi process — способ Бехи

Elko process — процесс Элко

Senn process — способ Сенна

2. обрабатывать

process supplies — обрабатывать материальные средства

process salvage — обрабатывать собранное имущество

to process negative — обрабатывать негатив

process a requisition — обрабатывать заявку

process documents — обрабатывать документы

3. воспроизводить фотомеханическим способом

Amylo process — способ Амило

Fritz process — способ Фритца

Budde's process — способ Будде

Nathan process — способ Натана

Gover's process — способ Говера

4. проявлять

additive process — аддитивный способ

ageing process — процесс старения

Albert lead molding process — способ изготовления свинцовых матриц для гальваностереотипов

all-tone process — способ изготовления газетных форм с одновременным травлением текста и иллюстраций

ammonia developed diazotype process — диазографический процесс с проявлением изображения аммиаком

ammonia-light process — способ сухого копирования на диазоматериал

aniline process — анилиновая печать

asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования

Bassani process — способ растровой съёмки высоких светов

Ben Day process — способ перевода изображения с тангирных сеток

bichromated albumen process — хромоальбуминовый способ

5. процесс скрепления

ore process — рудный процесс

due process — должный процесс

read process — процесс чтения

setup process — процесс SETUP

damp process — влажный процесс

6. фотонабор

7. машинописный набор

cold-type process — машинописный набор

8. набор с помощью переводного или разрезного шрифта

collotype process — фототипия

process cheese — плавленый сыр

writ of process — приказ о вызове в суд

compulsory process — принудительный привод в суд

process tankage — корм или удобрение из отходов

batch process — циклический или периодический процесс

9. многокрасочная печать

three-colour process — трёхкрасочная печать

letterpress process — процесс высокой печати

subsurface printing process — глубокая печать

process plate — форма для многокрасочной печати

dot colour process — полутоновая красочная печать

10. печатание многокрасочной продукции

Technamation process — печатание варьирующихся изображений

11. цветная фотография

contact process

color process — цветная фотография

12. контактная печать

four-color process printing — четырехкрасочная печать

letterpress printing process — процесс высокой печати

screen process printer — устройство для трафаретной печати

three-color process plate — форма для трехкрасочной печати

13. контактное копирование

copying process — копировальный процесс, процесс копирования документов

correction process — процесс правки корректуры

Gronok process — защита печатных пластин от окисления

contact process — контактное копирование

batch copying process — пакетный режим копирования

chemical transfer process — диффузионный способ копирования

14. глубокое травление

deep-etch process — глубокое травление

cupping process — процесс глубокой вытяжки

15. способ изготовления офсетных форм с углублением элементов

diazo process — диазотипия

diffusion transfer process — способ диффузионного переноса изображения, диффузионный способ копирования

direct process — прямой способ

direct-copy process — позитивный репродукционный процесс на светочувствительных красителях

direct halftone process — процесс получения цветоделённых негативов непосредственно с оригиналов через светофильтры и растр

direct platemaking process — способ изготовления форм прямым копированием оригинала

direct transfer gravure process — глубокая печать с формного цилиндра, изготовленного способом прямого копирования изображения с фотоформы на фотополимерное покрытие

dot color process — растровый многокрасочный процесс

double transfer process — способ двойного переноса

Dow process — способ Доу

drop-dot process — процесс усиления контраста посредством бликов

dry process — сухое проявление, проявление без использования растворов

dry diazo process — диазотипия с сухим проявлением

dry grinding process — перетир сухого пигмента

drying process — процесс закрепления краски

dry ink printing process — печатание сухими красками

dry silver process — «сухое серебро»

Dultgen process — способ «Далтжен»

Winger process — способ Вингера

Carbro process — способ < Карбро>

barium process — бариевый способ

baryta process — бариевый способ

Bergius process — способ Бергиуса

16. процесс копирования документов

kettle process — процесс варки

peace process — мирный процесс

KIVCET process — процесс КИВЦЕТ

decay process — процесс распада

general process — общий процесс

17. процесс изготовления клише

dusting process — процесс припудривания

dyeline process — диазотипия

dye-transfer process — гидротипный процесс

Electrofax process — способ «Электрофакс»

electrographic recording process — процесс электрографической записи

electrophoretic migration imaging process — миграционный электрофоретический способ получения изображения

electrophotoadhesive process — электрофотоадгезионный способ

electrophotographic process — электрофотографический способ

electrophotographic color process — цветной электрофотографический процесс

electrophotographic liquid toner process — электрофотографический процесс с использованием жидкого тонера

electrophotographic reproduction process — электрофотографический репродукционный процесс

electrophotographic sheet binding process — способ скрепления электрофотографических копий

electrostatic developing process — способ проявления электростатического изображения

electrothermographic process — электротермографический процесс

electrothermographic duplicating process — электротермографический копировально-множительный процесс

electrothermographic image-recording process — электротермографический способ записи изображения

electrothermographic reproduction process — электротермографический репродукционный процесс

electrotyping process — процесс изготовления гальваностереотипов

Elko process — процесс «Элко»

engraving process — цинкографский процесс

exposure process — экспонирование

fake color process — процесс изготовления цветных изображений с одноцветного оригинала при помощи специальной обработки форм

fanning-out process — роспуск листов

fast-etch process — процесс одноступенчатого травления

film process — обработка плёнки

overall process — общий процесс

shell process — внешний процесс

wound process — раневой процесс

aging process — процесс старения

rotor process — роторный процесс

18. отделочные процессы

basic Bessemer process — томасовский процесс

construction process — процесс строительства

correlated process — коррелированный процесс

equilibrium process — стохастический процесс

intermittent process — периодический процесс

19. брошюровочно-переплётные процессы

flat-plate screen process — процесс изготовления растровой печатной формы

flexographic process — флексографская печать

flexo plate process — процесс изготовления флексографских печатных форм

four-color process — процесс изготовления цветоделённых печатных форм для четырёхкрасочной печати

frost deformation process — фототермопластический процесс с «морозной» записью

fusing process — процесс термического закрепления

gelatin process — печать с желатиновых форм, фототипия

gelatin hectographic process — гектографирование с использованием желатиновой массы

glass-etch process — негативное гравирование на стекле

glue process — проклейка, промазка клеем

gravure etching process — процесс травления формы глубокой печати

gum process — нанесение клеевого слоя, гуммирование

halftone process — растрирование, фоторепродуцирование с растрированием

hardening process — процесс отверждения

heat process — термографический процесс

heat development process — способ термического проявления

Henderson process — процесс изготовления форм глубокой печати для газетных и деловых изданий

hot-type process — процесс набора на отливных наборных машинах

image process — процесс формирования изображения

imbibition transfer process — способ переноса красителя при гидротипной печати

indirect process — косвенный способ

initial ink-setting process — процесс первоначального закрепления краски

ink-splitting process — процесс расщепления красочного слоя

ink transfer process — процесс переноса краски

intaglio process — процесс глубокой печати, глубокая печать

intaglio halftone process — процесс глубокой растровой печати, глубокая автотипия

invert dot process — травление по способу «изменяемой точки»

IR process — обработка в инфракрасных лучах

IR drying process — сушка в инфракрасных лучах

Jacobs-Frerichs process — метод Джекобса—Фрерихса

Kemart process — процесс усиления контраста посредством бликов

Koch process — способ глубокой печати с резиновых или пластмассовых форм

large plate process — способ получения технического углерода при помощи неподвижных дисков с вращающимися горелками и скребками

letterpress process — процесс высокой печати, высокая печать

line-tone process — превращение тонового изображения в штриховое

liquid developed diazotype process — диазографический процесс с жидкостным проявлением изображения

liquid toner process — электрографический процесс с использованием жидкого тонера

masking process — процесс маскирования

master photodirect process — процесс прямого изготовления множительной формы в фотоаппарате

Mead Photocapsule process — способ ускоренной цветопробы с использованием в качестве подложки микрокапсулированной бумаги

MICR process — «МИКР-процесс»

microfilming process — процесс микрофильмирования; процесс съёмки микрофильма

moist collodion process — мокрый коллодионный процесс

molding process — процесс матрицирования

monobath process — однованный процесс обработки

multiple copy electrophotographic reproduction process — копировально-множительный электрофотографический процесс

narrow-web printing process — процесс печатания на узкорулонной машине

negative process — негативный процесс

nitrogen-burst process — барботирование струёй азота

offset process — процесс офсетной печати, офсетная печать

oil-pigment process — процесс масляно-пигментной печати

paper stereotype process — изготовление бумажных матриц

Patramold process — способ изготовления матриц из термопластического материала

perforating process — процесс перфорирования, перфорация

photoarc process — экспонирование печатной формы с использованием дуговых фонарей

photochemical process — фотохимический процесс

photocolographic process — процесс фототипной печати, фототипная печать

photoelectrophoretic imaging process — фотоэлектрофоретический способ получения изображений

photoengraving process — фотомеханический способ изготовления форм высокой печати

photogelatin process — печать с желатиновых форм, фототипия

photogravure process — глубокая печать, процесс глубокой печати

photomechanical process — фотомеханический процесс

photooffset process — изготовление форм для офсетной печати фотомеханическим способом; офсетная печать с форм, подготовленных фотомеханическим способом

plaster stereotype process — процесс изготовления стереотипных гипсовых матриц

positive process — позитивный процесс

post-printing process — послепечатная обработка ; pl брошюровочно-переплётные и отделочные процессы

powdering process — процесс припудривания

powderless etch process — процесс одноступенчатого травления

precipitation process — процесс получения пигмента осаждением

prepress processes — допечатные процессы

printing process — печатный процесс; процесс печатания

pyroelectric copying process — пироэлектрический копировальный процесс

reflex copy process — процесс рефлексного копирования; рефлексное печатание

relief process — процесс формирования рельефа

reusable electrostatic recording process — процесс с повторно используемой электрографической записью

reversal process — процесс обращения

Rinco process — способ Ринко

roller-coating process — нанесение покрытия валиком

roll-up process — многоступенчатое травление с накатыванием краски

rubber plate letterpress process — процесс высокой печати с резиновых форм

screen plate process — растровый процесс

semidry process — процесс проявления с использованием особого жидкого проявителя

silver dye bleach process — отбеливание цветных плёнок

silvering process — серебрение

step-and-repeat process — многократное копирование изображения на формную пластину

stop-dot process — процесс выкрывания высоких светов

rustless process — процесс выплавки нержавеющей электростали

process control technology — технология управления процессом

oxygen-steelmaking process — кислородно-конвертерный процесс

natural ageing process — процесс естественного старения кожи

line process — отработанный процесс; отработанная технология

20. субтрактивный способ образования цвета

subtractive process — субтрактивный способ изготовления форм

three-mash process — трехотварочный способ затирания солода

disc black process — дисковый способ получения газовой сажи

SIM process — способ шлифования с применением растворителей

no-time process — приготовление теста непрерывным способом

21. субтрактивный способ изготовления печатных плат

dustfree process — беспыльный процесс изготовления топлива

calibration process — методика поверки; способ градуировки

X-M process — способ шлифования с применением растворителя

two-mash process — двухотварочный способ затирания солода

semi-stiff mud process — полупластичный способ формования

22. субтрактивный способ изготовления форм

subtractive reproduction process — фоторепродуцирование по методу субтрактивного синтеза

surface process — процесс плоской печати, плоская печать

Technamation process — печатание варьирующихся изображений

thermographic duplicating process — термографический способ копирования

three-color process — трёхкрасочная репродукция

tone-line process — превращение полутонового изображения в штриховое

touching process — способ перевода изображения с тангирных сеток

transfer copy process — процесс копирования

two-bath process — двухванный процесс

two-stop process — растровая съёмка через две диафрагмы

UV process — обработка в ультрафиолетовых лучах

UV drying process — сушка в ультрафиолетовых лучах

vesicular process — везикулярный процесс

no-punch process — способ приготовления теста без обминки

stiff-plastic process — полупластичный способ формования

carbon process — процесс изготовления пигментной копии

Edeleanu refining process — очистка по способу Эделяну

batter process — способ приготовления теста на опаре

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > process
7 process

1. n
1) процесс; процедура

2) юр. вызов в суд

3) судопроизводство

•

to abuse the electoral process — совершать нарушения на выборах

to accelerate a process — ускорять процесс

to bolster the peace process — укреплять процесс мирного урегулирования

to bring smb into the peace process — подключать кого-л. к процессу мирного урегулирования

to broker the peace process — быть посредником в процессе мирного урегулирования

to cement the peace process — укреплять процесс мирного урегулирования

to coordinate a process — координировать процесс

to damage the peace process — вредить процессу мирного урегулирования

to derail the peace process — срывать процесс мирного урегулирования

to destabilize the peace process — дестабилизировать процесс мирного урегулирования

to disengage from the peace process — выходить из участия в процессе мирного урегулирования

to disrupt the Middle East peace process — срывать процесс мирного урегулирования на Ближнем Востоке

to enhance the democratic process — способствовать демократическому процессу

to facilitate the process of import substitution — облегчать процесс замены импорта

to follow the constitutional process — действовать в соответствии с конституцией

to further a process — ускорять процесс; способствовать процессу

to get the peace process moving — сдвигать с мертвой точки процесс мирного урегулирования

to get the peace process off the ground — начинать процесс мирного урегулирования

to get the peace process underway — начинать процесс мирного урегулирования

to give up on the peace process — терять надежду на возможность мирного урегулирования

to guide the process — направлять процесс

to hamper the peace process — мешать процессу мирного урегулирования

to hasten the process of unification — ускорять процесс объединения

to help the peace process — способствовать процессу мирного урегулирования

to hurry along the peace process — ускорять процесс мирного урегулирования

to improve the production processes — совершенствовать производственные процессы

to inaugurate an election process — вводить процедуру выборов

to intensify production processes — интенсифицировать производственные процессы

to jeopardize the peace process — ставить под угрозу процесс мирного урегулирования

to join in the peace process — включаться в процесс мирного урегулирования

to keep smb out of the peace process — не допускать чьего-л. участия в процессе мирного урегулирования

to keep the peace process afloat — продолжать процесс мирного урегулирования

to keep the peace process alive — не давать заглохнуть процессу мирного урегулирования

to mechanize production processes — механизировать производственные процессы

to monitor the election process — следить за ходом выборов

to move the peace process forward — развивать процесс мирного урегулирования

to obstruct the peace process — мешать процессу мирного урегулирования

to place the peace process in jeopardy — ставить под угрозу процесс мирного урегулирования

to push the peace process forward — продвигать процесс мирного урегулирования

to put a new impetus behind the peace process — придавать новый импульс процессу мирного урегулирования

to put the peace process back on track — возобновлять процесс мирного урегулирования

to put the peace process in jeopardy — ставить под угрозу процесс мирного урегулирования

to put the peace process on hold — замораживать мирный процесс

to re-energize the peace process — давать новый толчок процессу мирного урегулирования

to regulate a process — регулировать процесс

to re-launch the peace process — возобновлять мирный процесс

to remain within the peace process — продолжать участвовать в процессе мирного урегулирования

to rescue the peace process — спасать процесс мирного урегулирования

to re-start the peace process — возобновлять процесс мирного урегулирования

to restore the peace process — восстанавливать / возрождать процесс мирного урегулирования

to revitalize the peace process — активизировать процесс мирного урегулирования

to revive the peace process — возобновлять / возрождать процесс мирного урегулирования

to salvage / to save the peace process — спасать процесс мирного урегулирования

to scuttle the peace process — срывать процесс мирного урегулирования

to set back the peace process — делать шаг назад в процессе мирного урегулирования

to set up a managerial process — налаживать процесс управления

to shatter the pacification process — вредить процессу умиротворения

to slow down a process — замедлять процесс

to speed up the peace process — ускорять процесс мирного урегулирования

to stall the peace process — тормозить процесс мирного урегулирования

to start a negotiating process — начинать переговоры

to stay within the peace process — продолжать участвовать в процессе мирного урегулирования

to throw one's weight behind the peace process — использовать свое влияние для поддержания процесса мирного урегулирования

to thwart the constitutional process — мешать конституционному процессу

to turn one's back on the peace process — отвергать процесс мирного урегулирования

to undermine the peace process — подрывать процесс мирного урегулирования

to underpin the reform process — поддерживать процесс реформ

to withdraw from the peace process — прерывать свое участие в мирном урегулировании

to wreck the peace process — срывать процесс мирного урегулирования

to serve a process on smb — вызывать кого-л. в суд повесткой

- administrative process
- all-European process
- automated process
- basic laws of historical process
- breakthrough in the peace process
- budget-balancing process
- budget-making process
- collapse of the peace process
- commitment to the peace process
- completion of the construction process
- complex process
- complicated process
- constitutional process
- construction process
- continuous process
- contradictory process
- damaging to the peace process
- decision-making process
- decolonization process
- deepening of integration processes
- democratization process
- demographic process
- development process
- disarmament process
- disconnection process
- due process
- economic process
- educational process
- engineering process
- evolutionary process
- foot-dragging in the peace process
- historical process
- in the process
- industrialization process
- inflationary process
- information transfer process
- integration process
- interconnected processes
- internal process
- intricate process
- irreversible process
- judicial process
- labor process
- labor-intensive process
- law-governed process
- liberation process
- long drawn-out process
- long process
- long-term process
- managerial process
- manufacturing process
- modernization process
- multiform process
- natural process
- natural-historical process
- negative process
- negotiating process
- on-going process
- on-off peace process
- overall process
- painful process
- paper-laden process
- peaceful process
- peace-making process
- political process
- positive process
- preconvention bargaining process
- process of democratization
- process of détente
- process of economic growth
- process of national liberation
- process of polarization
- process of production
- production process
- programming process
- progressive process
- rapid process
- reform process
- rehabilitation process
- renewal of the peace process
- revolutionary process
- short-circuited process
- slowing down of the reform process
- social process
- socio-economic process
- spasmodic process
- stagnant process
- stalled peace process
- teaching and educational process
- technological process
- the country had a part to play in the peace process
- the peace process goes forward
- the peace process hangs by a thread
- the peace process has been stalled
- the peace process has broken down
- the peace process is in limbo
- the peace process is in tatters
- the ups and downs of the peace process
- transitional process
- under the peace process
- unification process
- work process
- worldwide process 2. v
перерабатывать, обрабатывать

Politics english-russian dictionary > process
8 process analysis

упр. анализ процесса, процессный онализ (отслеживание промежуточных и конечных результатов какой-л. деятельности с целью выявления проблем и недостатков, а также улучшения будущих результатов деятельности)

a study of the application of process analysis — исследование о применении процессного анализа

The objective of any business process analysis is simple: to improve the overall effectiveness and profitability of the business by identifying how the business actually operates and then improving these operational procedures. — Цель любого анализа экономической деятельности состоит в улучшении общей эффективности и прибыльности организации путем исследования процедур ее деятельности и их совершенствования.

Англо-русский экономический словарь > process analysis
9 permanent

(ЛДП)
1) капитальный

permanent accommodations капитальное жилье; стационарный (в отличие от сооружаемого, устанавливаемого временно - о постройке, сооружении)

permanent benchmark стационарный репер

2) необратимый (напр., ущерб, нанесенный окружающей среде)

3) постоянный

4) остаточный

permanent strain остаточная деформация

5) несмываемый ( о краске)

6) неразъемный

permanent joint неразъемное соединение; неразъемный стык

7) несъемный

8) неотъемный (напр., штуцер сосуда)

9) инвентарный

A permanent receptacle is then always available for jump starting Таким образом, для запуска [ двигателя] с помощью пусковых кабелей обязательно имеется одна инвентарная розетка

10) неподатливый; не «дышащий» (т.е. без термокомпенсации)

11) неотъемлемый

A is a permanent subset of the overall Process Control System А является неотъемлемой частью комплексной системы управления технологическим процессом

12) ( перен) обязательный

13) (устар.) непременный (напр., непременный секретарь)

English-Russian dictionary of scientific and technical difficulties vocabulary > permanent
10 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
11 modular data center
1. модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
-
[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

[ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

[ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?

If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.

Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.

Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
Мы все подвергаем сомнению

In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
Серийное производство дата центров

In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД

And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

Scalable
Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
Rapid deployment
De-mountable
Reduce TTM
Reduced construction
Sustainable measures

Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

Расширяемость;
Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
Быстрота развертывания;
Возможность демонтажа;
Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
Сокращение сроков строительства;
Экологичность;

Map applications to DC Class

We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.

Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

Тематики
- ЦОДы (центры обработки данных)
Синонимы
- модульный ЦОД
EN
- modular data center
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center
12 time

время; период; продолжительность || устанавливать время; распределять время; рассчитывать по времени; согласовывать во времени; синхронизировать

time between failures — наработка на отказ

time for machine servicing — время обслуживания станка

time for personal needs — время на личные нужды

time in use — время использования; время работы (напр. инструмента)

time on machine — время пребывания ( обрабатываемой детали) на станке

time per piece — штучное время

time to accelerate a table — время разгона стола

to cut time — сокращать время (напр. обработки)

time to decelerate a table — время торможения стола

time to failure — наработка на отказ

time to reverse a table — время реверса стола

time to stable closed condition — время устойчивого замыкания ( контакта);

time to stable open condition — время устойчивого размыкания ( контакта)

- ACC/DEC processing time
- acceleration time
- access time
- activation time
- active maintenance time
- active repair time
- activity time
- actual in-cut time
- addition time
- additional time
- adjustable laser ramp-up time
- administrative time
- aggregate travel time
- air-cutting time
- arcing time of pole
- assembly time
- assessed mean time to failure
- ATC time
- attended running time
- attenuation time
- auxiliary time
- available machine time
- available machining time
- available time
- average access time
- average time
- base cycle time
- batch change time
- batch lead time
- batch run time
- block execution time
- block processing time
- bounce time
- braking time to standstill
- braking time
- break time
- breakdown time
- bridging time
- build time
- build-up time
- cam idle time
- cell production time
- changeover cut-to-cut time
- changeover time
- characteristic time
- charge time
- chip-cutting time
- chip-making time
- chip-to-chip toolchange time
- clock cycle time
- closing time
- combined travel/load time
- commissioning time
- component cycle time
- component inspection time
- component time
- computed machine time
- computing time
- control flow time
- control time
- conversion time
- correction time
- corrective maintenance time
- c-percentile storageability time
- c-percentile time to failure
- cumulative cutting time
- cure time
- current fall time
- current rise time
- cut time
- cutting time
- cut-to-cut time
- cycle time
- dead cycle time
- dead time
- debugging time
- delay time
- delivery time
- depalletizing time
- derivative action time
- derricking time
- detection time
- direct manufacture time
- disengaging time
- division time
- door-to-door time
- double-stroke time
- down time
- dry-cycle time
- dwell time
- effective cutting time
- effective dead time
- empty running time
- end-of-job time
- equispaced times
- equivalent running time for wear
- eroding time
- erosion time
- estimation time
- execution time
- exposure time
- fall time
- fast response time
- finishing time
- first-off machining time
- fitting time
- fixture lead time
- floor-to-floor time
- flow time
- forward recovery time
- frame time
- full brazing time
- full operating time
- full soldering time
- gate controlled turn-off delay time
- gate controlled turn-off fall time
- gate controlled turn-off time
- grinding time
- gripper-changing time
- head-changing time
- hobbing time
- holding time
- idle time
- index time
- indexing time
- innovation time
- in-process time
- integral action time
- interarrival time
- interoperation time
- interpolation delay time
- jaw-adjusting time
- job completion time
- job finish time
- laser interaction time
- laser shutter opening time
- laser weld tempering time
- laser-beam dwell time
- laser-beam interaction time
- lead time
- learning time
- loading time
- machine down time
- machine repair time
- machine run time
- machine slack time
- machine wait time
- machine-setting time
- machine-setup time
- machining floor-to-floor time
- machining time
- machining-cycle time
- maintenance down time
- maintenance time
- make time
- manual machining time
- manufacturing cycle time
- manufacturing lead time
- material to end product lead time
- maximum resetting time
- mean time between failures
- mean time to failure
- mean time to repair
- measuring run time
- metal-to-metal time
- minimum accelerating time
- minimum braking time
- move time
- moving time
- multiplication time
- NC machining time
- NC program debug time
- no-failure operating time
- noncut time
- noncutting time
- nonmachining time
- nonproductive machine time
- nonrequired time
- numerical processing time
- observed mean time to failure
- off-machine process time
- off-shift machine down time
- off-shift slack time
- opening time
- operate time
- operating spindle time
- operating time
- operation cycle time
- operation time
- operator's attention time
- operator's reaction time
- operator's time
- optimized contact time
- out-of-cut machine time
- out-of-cut time
- output cycle time
- overall cycle time
- overall lead time
- pallet change time
- pallet processing time
- pallet shuttle time
- parasitic time
- part turnaround time
- partial operating time
- part-waiting time
- payback time
- periodic time
- pickup time
- piece sequence time
- piece time
- planned loading time
- planning lead time
- planning time
- predicted mean time to failure
- preparatory time
- preset operating time before corrective adjustment
- preset operating time
- preset time
- probing time
- process response time
- process time
- processing time
- product development lead time
- product flow time
- product lead time
- production lead time
- production time per piece
- production time per unit
- production time
- productive time
- profiling time
- programming time
- prorated time
- protective power time
- pulse decay time
- pulse response time
- pulse rise time
- pulse time
- queue time
- queueing time
- rapid response time
- reading time
- readout time
- real time
- rechucking time
- recognition time
- recovery time
- release time
- releasing time
- remaining life time
- repair/down cost time
- required time
- reset time
- residence time of materials
- response time
- restoration time
- return time
- reverse recovery current fall time
- reverse recovery current rise time
- reverse recovery time
- rise time
- robot down time
- roughing time
- run time
- running time
- running-in time
- safety lead time
- sampling time
- scan time
- schedule time
- scheduled time
- sensing time
- series machining time
- service time of the tool
- servicing time
- servo update time
- setter time
- setting time
- settling time
- setup time
- ship time
- slack time
- soaking time
- software execution time
- specified no-failure operating time
- specified operating time
- specified time
- spindle cutting time
- spindle run time
- stabilization time
- stand time
- standard handling time
- standard piece time
- starting time
- start-up time
- station time
- station-to-station time
- step response time
- stopping time
- storage cycle time
- storage time
- storageability time
- switching time
- switch-over time
- system time
- table-indexing time
- tape-preparation time
- tape-turnaround time
- target build time
- target time
- teach time
- throughput time
- time of starting
- tool change time
- tool exchange time
- tool index time
- tool life time
- tool-cutting time
- tool-in-cut time
- tooling-response time
- tool-setup time
- tool-to-tool changing time
- total access time
- total changeover time
- total equivalent running time for strength
- total equivalent running time for wear
- total manufacturing cycle time
- total running time
- total sequence time
- to-the-minute time
- transfer time
- transient time
- transit time
- transition time
- traveling time
- turnaround time
- turn-off time
- turn-on time
- undetected failure time
- unit cycle time
- unit production time
- unit time
- up time
- update time
- updating time
- vehicle time per hour
- vehicle-use time
- waiting time
- wakeup time
- warm-up time
- wasted time
- work-change time
- work-cycle time
- work-in-process time
- wrench time
- zero ATC time

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > time
13 control

1) управление; регулирование; регулировка || управлять; регулировать; задавать

2) контроль; проверка || контролировать; проверять

3) орган управления; орган регулировки, регулятор; орган настройки

4) устройство управления; блок управления

5) система управления

6) рукоятка или рычаг управления

7) профилактические мероприятия, надзор

•

control by fuel delivery — качественное регулирование мощности ( двс);

"operation is under control" — всё предусмотрено для нормальной работы;

to gain control — вчт. получать управление:

to go out of control — становиться неуправляемым;

to operate ( to handle) the flight controls — оперировать органами управления полётом;

to pass control — вчт. передавать управление;

to relinquish control — передавать управление ( другому члену экипажа);

to return control — вчт. возвращать управление;

to take over control — брать управление на себя;

to transfer control — вчт. передавать управление

-
2-handed controls

-
acceleration control

-
acceptance control

-
access control

-
adaptive control

-
adaptive grasping force control

-
adjacent control

-
advance control

-
advanced control

-
aerodrome control

-
aerodynamic control

-
aerodynamic roll control

-
air control

-
air mixture control

-
air pollution control

-
air traffic control

-
aircraft sanitary control

-
airflow control

-
air-spring pressure control

-
airways control

-
alignment control

-
amplification control

-
anode control

-
anticipating control

-
antiskid control

-
aperiodic control

-
approach control

-
arc control

-
area flight control

-
astigmatism control

-
attitude flight control

-
audio-fidelity control

-
audio-level control

-
audio-level control

-
audio-volume control

-
autofeed control

-
automatic boost control

-
automatic control

-
automatic deposition control

-
automatic excitation control

-
automatic frequency control

-
automatic gain control

-
automatic iris control

-
automatic light control

-
automatic overload control

-
automatic phase control

-
automatic range control

-
automatic retarder control

-
automatic selectivity control

-
automatic sensitivity control

-
automatic speed control

-
automatic tension control

-
automatic tool size control

-
automatic train control

-
automatic volume control

-
automatic-tracking control

-
autopilot control

-
avalanche control

-
axleload control

-
background control

-
backup control

-
balance control

-
bandwidth control

-
bang-bang control

-
bank control

-
bass control

-
batch control

-
battery-feed control

-
beam control

-
bias control

-
bilateral control

-
biofouling control

-
black-level control

-
blade float control

-
blast volume control

-
blast-furnace controls

-
bleed-off speed control

-
boiler carry-over control

-
boost control

-
boundary layer control

-
brake control

-
brightness control

-
brightness control

-
brightness control

-
brilliance control

-
brilliance control

-
brilliancy control

-
built-in control

-
bulldozer lift control

-
bypass capacity control

-
bypass type of temperature control

-
cable control

-
carburetor controls

-
cascaded control

-
cathode control

-
centering control

-
central control

-
centralized control

-
centralized traffic control

-
channel control

-
chemical control

-
choke control

-
choke type of temperature control

-
chroma control

-
climate control

-
closed-loop control

-
closed-loop-excitation control

-
CO/O2 combustion control

-
coarse control

-
collective pitch control

-
color control

-
color register control

-
color-balance control

-
color-phase control

-
color-saturation control

-
combustion soot control

-
command control

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communications control

-
compensator control

-
complex control

-
computer control

-
computer numerical control

-
computerized process control

-
concatenation control

-
condenser macrofouling control

-
condensing pressure limiting control

-
configuration control

-
consistent control

-
constant altitude control

-
constant horsepower control

-
constant pressure control

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contactless control

-
contactor-type control

-
contamination control

-
continuous control

-
continuous-path control

-
contrast control

-
control of measuring instruments

-
conversational control

-
coolant flow control

-
coordinate programmable control

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coordinated control

-
corrosion control

-
countercell control

-
counterweight swing control

-
course gage control

-
crest control

-
crowd limiting control

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crown control

-
crystal control

-
current-mode control

-
cyclic pitch control

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damage control

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data exchange control

-
data-link control

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daylight control

-
deadbeat-response control

-
deceleration spark advance control

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decentralized control

-
decoupled control

-
delayed automatic gain control

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delivery control

-
derivative control

-
dew-point control

-
diaphragm control

-
differential control

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differential gaging control

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differential gain control

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differential lock control

-
diffusion control

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digital control

-
digital engine control

-
dipswitch control

-
direct control

-
direct digital control

-
direct sizing control

-
directional control

-
dispatcher control

-
display screen size control

-
distance control

-
distributed control

-
distribution control

-
distributor electronic control

-
dosimetry control

-
double-end control

-
downhill speed control

-
downstream control

-
dozer tilt control

-
drive speed sensing hydraulic control

-
dry-bulb temperature control

-
dual control

-
dual-pressure control

-
dust control

-
dust emission control

-
dynamic beam control

-
dynamic brake control

-
ecologically sound control

-
eddy-current brake control

-
edge control

-
effluent control

-
electrical control

-
electronic control

-
electronic patterning control

-
electronic reverse shift inhibitor control

-
electronic-pneumatic control

-
elevator control

-
emergency control

-
emergency valve control

-
emission control

-
end-point control

-
end-to-end control

-
engine controls

-
engineering casualty control

-
environmental control

-
error control

-
exhaust speed control

-
exhaust temperature control

-
exponential control

-
exposure control

-
external control

-
fade-resistant speed control

-
feather-touch control

-
feed control

-
feedback control

-
feedforward control

-
field control

-
fine control

-
fine tuning control

-
fine-grained controls

-
finger-tip control

-
flame spread-and-length control

-
flare control

-
flight control

-
float control

-
floating control

-
flood control

-
floor heave control

-
flow control

-
flywheel frequency control

-
focusing control

-
follow-up controls

-
food control

-
force control

-
format control

-
formation pressure control

-
forward control

-
frame linearity control

-
framing control

-
frequency control

-
fuel flow control

-
fuel injection control

-
gage measurement control

-
gain control

-
ganged control

-
gas control

-
gas hydration control

-
gasoline loss control

-
gear controls

-
generator-field control

-
geometric adaptive control

-
grade control

-
grinding control

-
gross control

-
ground control

-
group control

-
guidance control

-
hand control

-
H-control

-
head depth control

-
health control

-
heat supplied control

-
height control

-
hierarchical control

-
high-side pressure control

-
hi-lo volume control

-
holding control

-
homing control

-
horizontal-amplitude control

-
horizontal-centering control

-
horizontal-frequency control

-
horizontal-linearity control

-
hue range control

-
hunting control

-
hydraulic control

-
hydraulic displacement control

-
hydraulic dust control

-
hydraulic flow control

-
hydraulic mechanical control

-
hydraulic rotary servo control

-
hydraulic slave control

-
ice control

-
illumination control

-
inching control

-
independent control

-
indirect control

-
industrial control

-
industrial process control

-
inertial control

-
infinitely variable control

-
inprocess diameters size control

-
inprocess size control

-
input torque limiting hydraulic control

-
integral control

-
integrated control

-
intensity control

-
interacting control

-
interactive control

-
interlocking control

-
intermittent control

-
internal control

-
irreversible flight control

-
job control

-
jogging control

-
keyboard control

-
keyed automatic gain control

-
knock control

-
lance control

-
landing control

-
lead angle control

-
leaning wheel control

-
level control

-
lever control

-
lift control

-
lighting control

-
linear control

-
linearity control

-
line-of-sight control

-
link control

-
linkage control

-
liquid dust control

-
load control

-
load-frequency control

-
load-responsive control

-
local heat supplied control

-
logical control

-
long-distance control

-
LOS control

-
lost circulation control

-
loudness control

-
low-side pressure control

-
luminance control

-
machinery casualty control

-
magnetic scale control

-
managerial control

-
man-in-the-loop control

-
manual adaptive control

-
manual control

-
manual engine shutoff control

-
manual stop control

-
manually actuatable control

-
marine pollution control

-
master control

-
mechanical control

-
meta control

-
meter-in speed control

-
meter-out speed control

-
metrological control

-
microcomputer-based sequence control

-
microprocessor control

-
microprogramming control

-
mine waste control

-
mixture control

-
mode control

-
model reference adaptive control

-
modulating control

-
motor control

-
motor speed control

-
multidiameter control

-
multiloop control

-
multiple-unit control

-
multiprogramming control

-
multistage control

-
multivariable control

-
multivoltage control

-
myoelectric control

-
nip control

-
noninteracting control

-
nonlinear control

-
N-point control

-
numerical program control

-
off-line control

-
off-peak control

-
oil spill control

-
oil stock loss control

-
on-line control

-
on-off action control

-
on-off grasping force control

-
open-loop control

-
operational control

-
operator controls

-
optimal control

-
optimizing control

-
ore dilution control

-
oven-discharge control

-
overall control

-
overall photographic control

-
overheat control

-
override control

-
overtemperature control

-
paraffin control

-
parametric control

-
path control

-
pattern control

-
PD control

-
peak-holding control

-
pedal control

-
pedestal control

-
pedestrian control

-
periodic automatic gain control

-
peripheral control

-
phase control

-
phase-locked-loop frequency control

-
physical alignment control

-
PI control

-
picture height control

-
picture linearity control

-
picture width control

-
PID control

-
pilot gas flow control

-
pipeline dispatch control

-
pitch control

-
plant's heat supplied control

-
pneumatic control

-
point-to-point control

-
polarity control

-
pole changing control

-
pollution control

-
position-based control

-
position-force control

-
positive control

-
post-process quality control

-
power adaptive control

-
power control

-
power-frequency control

-
precision control

-
press control

-
pressure control

-
pressure drop control

-
pressure related hydraulic control

-
pressure-compensator control

-
primary speed control

-
process control

-
production control

-
program control

-
programmable control

-
programmable machine control

-
proportional control

-
proportional-plus-derivative control

-
proportional-plus-floating control

-
pulse control

-
punched-tape control

-
purity control

-
push-button control

-
push-button route control

-
push-pull control

-
quality control

-
quality power level control

-
quantity power level control

-
quartz crystal control

-
quasi-inertial control

-
radar control

-
radio control

-
range-marker control

-
rate control

-
reactor control

-
real-time control

-
refinery control

-
refrigerating capacity control

-
regenerative control

-
regulatory control

-
relaxed control

-
relay control

-
reliability control

-
remote control

-
remote switching control

-
resistance control

-
resolved motion rate control

-
rheostatic control

-
rib control

-
robot control

-
robotic and machine control

-
robust control

-
rock pressure control

-
roll control

-
roof control

-
rotary-amplifier control

-
rotating control

-
rough control

-
route control

-
rudder control

-
runoff control

-
sand control

-
sanitary control

-
saturation control

-
seam-welding control

-
self-actuating control

-
selsyn control

-
semiremote control

-
sensitive flow control

-
sensitometric control

-
sensor-based control

-
sequential control

-
service background control

-
servo control

-
servo-loop control

-
servomotor control

-
ship control

-
shop control

-
shunted field control

-
sight control

-
silt control

-
simulated control

-
single-loop control

-
size control

-
slide control

-
slope-gain control

-
smoke puff control

-
solids control

-
sound control

-
speed control

-
speed related hydraulic control

-
split-cycle control

-
spotting gain control

-
squelch control

-
stand-alone control

-
start-stop control

-
statistical quality control

-
stator voltage control

-
steering control

-
step-by-step control

-
stepless control

-
stepped tuck control

-
stitch control

-
stock control

-
stock-level control

-
storage-route control

-
straight cut control

-
strata control

-
streamflow control

-
stringent control

-
studio control

-
supervisory control

-
supply control

-
surge control

-
swept gain control

-
table control

-
tap field control

-
tapped control

-
task control

-
temperature control

-
temporal gain control

-
thermostatic control

-
throttle control

-
throttling control

-
thumbwheel control

-
time-pattern control

-
time-temperature control

-
timing control

-
tint control

-
tone control

-
tone-compensated volume control

-
toning control

-
top control

-
torque-force control

-
touch control

-
touch-sensitive control

-
track occupancy control

-
track vegetation control

-
tracking control

-
traction control

-
traffic control

-
transaction control

-
transient control

-
treble control

-
trim control

-
tuning control

-
two-pedal control

-
two-stage control

-
ultrasonic remote control

-
unilateral control

-
upstream control

-
variable spill control

-
variable-speed control

-
velocity-based look-ahead control

-
vertical centering control

-
vertical-amplitude control

-
vertical-frequency control

-
vertical-linearity control

-
voice control

-
voice numerical control

-
voltage control

-
volume control

-
volume range control

-
wander control

-
warp knitting electronic control

-
waste control

-
water control

-
water pollution control

-
weather control

-
web cutoff control

-
web tension control

-
weight control

-
weights control

-
welder controls

-
wet-bulb temperature control

-
yaw control

-
zoom control

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > control
14 control

1) управление; регулирование || управлять; регулировать

2) контроль || контролировать

3) управляющее устройство; устройство управления; регулятор

4) профессиональное мастерство, квалификация, техническая квалификация

5) pl органы управления

•

control by measurement — измерительный контроль

"in control" — "в поле допуска" ( о результатах измерения)

to control closed loop — управлять в замкнутой системе; регулировать в замкнутой системе

to control open loop — управлять в разомкнутой системе; регулировать в разомкнутой системе

to program at the control — готовить УП у станка

- 2 1/2 D control
- 2-handed controls
- 32-bit CPU control
- acceptance control
- access control
- acknowledge control
- active process control
- adaptable control
- adaptive constraint control
- adaptive control for optimization
- adaptive control
- adaptive feed rate control
- adaptive quality control
- adjustable feed control
- adjustable rotary control
- adjustable speed control
- adjusting control
- adjustment control
- AI control
- air logic control
- analog data distribution and control
- analogical control
- analytical control
- application control
- arrows-on-curves control
- autodepth control
- autofeed control
- automated control of a document management system
- automated technical control
- automatic backlash control
- automatic control
- automatic editing control
- automatic gain control
- automatic gripper control
- automatic level control
- automatic process closed loop control
- automatic remote control
- automatic sensitivity control
- automatic sequence control
- automatic speed control
- automatic stability controls
- auxiliaries control
- balanced controls
- band width control
- bang-bang control
- bang-bang-off control
- basic CNC control
- batch control
- bibliographic control
- bin level control
- boost control
- built-in control
- button control
- cam control
- cam throttle control
- camshaft control
- carriage control
- Cartesian path control
- Cartesian space control
- cascade control
- C-axis spindle control
- cell control
- center control
- central control
- central supervisory control
- centralized control
- centralized electronic control
- central-station control
- changeover control
- chip control
- circumferential register control
- close control
- closed cycle control
- closed loop control
- closed loop machine control
- closed loop manual control
- closed loop numerical control
- closed loop position control
- clutch control
- CNC control
- CNC indexer control
- CNC programmable control
- CNC symbolic conversational control
- CNC/CRT control
- CNC/MDI control
- coarse control
- coded current control
- coded current remote control
- color control
- combination control
- command-line control
- compensatory control
- composition control
- compound control
- computed-current control
- computed-torque control
- computer control
- computer numerical control
- computer process control
- computer-aided measurement and control
- computer-integrated manufacturing control
- computerized control
- computerized numerical control
- computerized process control
- constant surface speed control
- constant value control
- contactless control
- contact-sensing control
- contamination control
- continuous control
- continuous path control
- continuous process control
- contour profile control
- contouring control
- conventional hardware control
- conventional numerical control
- conventional tape control
- convergent control
- conversational control
- conversational MDI control
- coordinate positioning control
- coordinate programmable control
- copymill control
- counter control
- crossed controls
- current control
- cycle control
- dash control
- data link control
- data storage control
- deadman's handle controls
- depth control
- derivative control
- dial-in control
- differential control
- differential gaging control
- differential gain control
- differential temperature control
- digital brushless servo control
- digital control
- digital position control
- digital readout controls
- dimensional control
- direct computer control
- direct control
- direct digital control
- direct numerical control
- direction control
- directional control
- dirt control
- discontinuous control
- discrete control
- discrete event control
- discrete logic controls
- dispatching control
- displacement control
- distance control
- distant control
- distributed control
- distributed numerical control
- distributed zone control
- distribution control
- dog control
- drum control
- dual control
- dual-mode control
- duplex control
- dust control
- dynamic control
- eccentric control
- edge position control
- EDP control
- electrical control
- electrofluidic control
- electromagnetic control
- electronic control
- electronic level control
- electronic speed control
- electronic swivel control
- elevating control
- emergency control
- end-point control
- engineering change control
- engineering control
- entity control
- environmental control
- error control
- error plus error-rate control
- error-free control
- external beam control
- factory-floor control
- false control
- feed control
- feed drive controls
- feedback control
- feed-forward control
- field control
- fine control
- finger-tip control
- firm-wired numerical control
- fixed control
- fixed-feature control
- fixture-and-tool control
- flexible-body control
- floating control
- flow control
- fluid flow control
- follow-up control
- foot pedal control
- force adaptive control
- forecasting compensatory control
- fork control
- four quadrant control
- freely programmable CNC control
- frequency control
- FROG control
- full computer control
- full order control
- full spindle control
- gage measurement control
- gain control
- ganged control
- gap control
- gear control
- generative numerical control
- generic path control
- geometric adaptive control
- graphic numerical control
- group control
- grouped control
- guidance control
- hairbreath control
- hand control
- hand feed control
- hand wheel control
- hand-held controls
- handle-type control
- hand-operated controls
- hardened computer control
- hardwared control
- hardwared numerical control
- heating control
- heterarchical control
- hierarchical control
- high-integrity control
- high-level robot control
- high-low control
- high-low level control
- high-technology control
- horizontal directional control
- humidity control
- hybrid control
- hydraulic control
- I/O control
- immediate postprocess control
- inching control
- in-cycle control
- independent control
- indexer control
- indirect control
- individual control
- industrial processing control
- industrial-style controls
- infinite control
- infinite speed control
- in-process control
- in-process size control
- in-process size diameters control
- input/output control
- integral CNC control
- integral control
- integrated control
- intelligent control
- interacting control
- interconnected controls
- interlinking control
- inventory control
- job control
- jogging control
- joint control
- joystick control
- just-in-time control
- language-based control
- laser health hazards control
- latching control
- lead control
- learning control
- lever control
- lever-operated control
- line motion control
- linear control
- linear path control
- linearity control
- load control
- load-frequency control
- local control
- local-area control
- logic control
- lubricating oil level control
- machine control
- machine programming control
- machine shop control
- macro control
- magnetic control
- magnetic tape control
- main computer control
- malfunction control
- management control
- manual control
- manual data input control
- manual stop control
- manually actuatable controls
- manufacturing change control
- manufacturing control
- master control
- material flow control
- MDI control
- measured response control
- mechanical control
- memory NC control
- memory-type control
- metering control
- metrological control of production field
- microbased control
- microcomputer CNC control
- microcomputer numerical control
- microcomputer-based sequence control
- microprocessor control
- microprocessor numerical control
- microprogrammed control
- microprogramming control
- milling control
- model reference adaptive control
- model-based control
- moisture control
- motion control
- motor control
- motor speed control
- mouse-driven control
- movable control
- multicircuit control
- multidiameter control
- multilevel control
- multimachine tool control
- multiple control
- multiple-processor control
- multiposition control
- multistep control
- multivariable control
- narrow-band proportional control
- navigation control
- NC control
- neural network adaptive control
- noise control
- noncorresponding control
- noninteracting control
- noninterfacing control
- nonreversable control
- nonsimultaneous control
- numerical contouring control
- numerical control
- numerical program control
- odd control
- off-line control
- oligarchical control
- on-board control
- one-axis point-to-point control
- one-dimensional point-to-point control
- on-line control
- on-off control
- open loop control
- open loop manual control
- open loop numerical control
- open-architecture control
- operating control
- operational control
- operator control
- optical pattern tracing control
- optimal control
- optimalizing control
- optimizing control
- oral numerical control
- organoleptic control
- overall control
- overheat control
- override control
- p. b. control
- palm control
- parameter adaptive control
- parameter adjustment control
- partial d.o.f. control
- path control
- pattern control
- pattern tracing control
- PC control
- PC-based control
- peg board control
- pendant control
- pendant-actuated control
- pendant-mounted control
- performance control
- photoelectric control
- physical alignment control
- PIC control
- PID control
- plugboard control
- plug-in control
- pneumatic control
- point-to-point control
- pose-to-pose control
- position/contouring numerical control
- position/force control
- positional control
- positioning control
- positive control
- postprocess quality control
- power adaptive control
- power control
- power feed control
- power-assisted control
- powered control
- power-operated control
- precision control
- predictor control
- preselective control
- preset control
- presetting control
- pressbutton control
- pressure control
- preview control
- process control
- process quality control
- production activity control
- production control
- production result control
- programmable adaptive control
- programmable cam control
- programmable control
- programmable logic adaptive control
- programmable logic control
- programmable machine control
- programmable microprocessor control
- programmable numerical control
- programmable sequence control
- proportional plus derivative control
- proportional plus floating control
- proportional plus integral control
- prototype control
- pulse control
- pulse duration control
- punched-tape control
- purpose-built control
- pushbutton control
- quality control
- radio remote control
- radium control
- rail-elevating control
- ram stroke control
- ram-positioning control
- rapid-traverse controls for the heads
- rate control
- ratio control
- reactive control
- real-time control
- reduced-order control
- register control
- registration control
- relay control
- relay-contactor control
- remote control
- remote program control
- remote switching control
- remote valve control
- remote-dispatch control
- resistance control
- resolved motion rate control
- retarded control
- reversal control
- revolution control
- rigid-body control
- robot control
- robot perimeter control
- robot teach control
- rod control
- safety control
- sampled-data control
- sampling control
- schedule control
- SCR's control
- second derivative control
- selective control
- selectivity control
- self-acting control
- self-adaptive control
- self-adjusting control
- self-aligning control
- self-operated control
- self-optimizing control
- self-programming microprocessor control
- semi-automatic control
- sensitivity control
- sensor-based control
- sequence control
- sequence-type control
- sequential control
- series-parallel control
- servo control
- servo speed control
- servomotor control
- servo-operated control
- set value control
- shaft speed control
- shape control
- shift control
- shop control
- shower and high-pressure oil temperature control
- shut off control
- sight control
- sign control
- single variable control
- single-flank control
- single-lever control
- size control
- slide control
- smooth control
- software-based NC control
- softwared numerical control
- solid-state logic control
- space-follow-up control
- speed control
- stabilizing control
- stable control
- standalone control
- start controls
- static control
- station control
- statistical quality control
- steering control
- step-by-step control
- stepless control
- stepped control
- stick control
- stock control
- stop controls
- stop-point control
- storage assignment control
- straight cut control
- straight line control
- stroke control
- stroke length control
- supervisor production control
- supervisory control
- swarf control
- switch control
- symbolic control
- synchronous data link control
- table control
- tap-depth controls
- tape control
- tape loop control
- teach controls
- temperature control
- temperature-humidity air control
- template control
- tension control
- test control
- thermal control
- thermostatic control
- three-axis contouring control
- three-axis point-to-point control
- three-axis tape control
- three-mode control
- three-position control
- throttle control
- thumbwheel control
- time control
- time cycle control
- time optimal control
- time variable control
- time-critical control
- time-proportional control
- timing control
- token-passing access control
- tool life control
- tool run-time control
- torque control
- total quality control
- touch-panel NC control
- touch-screen control
- tracer control
- tracer numerical control
- trajectory control
- triac control
- trip-dog control
- TRS/rate control
- tuning control
- turnstile control
- two-axis contouring control
- two-axis point-to-point control
- two-dimension control
- two-hand controls
- two-position control
- two-position differential gap control
- two-step control
- undamped control
- user-adjustable override controls
- user-programmable NC control
- variable flow control
- variable speed control
- variety control
- varying voltage control
- velocity-based look-ahead control
- vise control
- vision responsive control
- visual control
- vocabulary control
- vocal CNC control
- vocal numerical control
- voltage control
- warehouse control
- washdown control
- water-supply control
- welding control
- wheel control
- wide-band control
- zero set control
- zoned track control

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > control
15 system

1) система

2) установка; устройство

•

to get the system on-stream — вводить систему в действие

- 2D CAD system
- 2D design system
- 2-D draughting system
- 2D milling CAM system
- 3 nonsimultaneous axes control system
- 3D CAD system
- 3D design system
- 3D milling CAM system
- 3-D surface-modeling system
- 3-D system
- abrasive waterjet cutting system
- absolute control system
- absolute dimension measuring system
- accident-protection system
- accountancy system
- accounting data system
- ACO system
- acoustic feedback control system
- acquisition system
- active enclosure system
- adaptable system
- adaptive CNC system
- adaptive control constraint system
- adaptive control system
- adaptive pulsing system
- adaptive robot system
- add-on NC programming system
- administrative information data system
- administrative information system
- ADR system
- advanced command data system
- advanced data analysis system
- advanced data display system
- advanced display system
- advanced integrated data system
- advanced interactive debugging system
- advanced management information system
- advisory system
- AGV system
- air flotation system
- air-bearing system
- air-cooling system
- air-delivery system
- air-gaging system
- airlock system
- air-oil mist lubrication system
- air-plasma arc-profiling system
- air-purge system
- alarm system
- all-enveloping guard system
- analog computing system
- analog recording system
- angstrom-positioning system
- antideflection system
- antilock brake system
- antisag system
- application-specific system
- APT generating expert system
- Archimedes system
- array system
- AS/RS system
- assembly management system
- assembly system
- attitude display system
- autolube system
- automated communications and messages processing system
- automated design and optimization of control system
- automated design system
- automated digital design system
- automated industrial management system
- automated information data system
- automated information dissemination system
- automated information retrieval system
- automated inventory distribution system
- automated machining system
- automated management information system
- automated management system
- automated measuring system
- automated parts input-output system
- automated reliability and maintenance management system
- automated storage control system
- automatic alignment-and-centering system
- automatic call distribution system
- automatic CAM system
- automatic chuck-changing system
- automatic data acquisition system
- automatic data distribution system
- automatic data system
- automatic diagnostic-and-recovery system
- automatic display plotting system
- automatic distributive numerical control system
- automatic fixturing system
- automatic gaging-and-compensating system
- automatic measurement-and-compensation system
- automatic message accounting system
- automatic message distribution system
- automatic pallet storage/retrieval system
- automatic program transfer system
- automatic record evaluation system
- automatic telemetry system
- automatic test analysis system
- automatic test system
- automatic testing, evaluating and reporting system
- automatic tool cassette changer system
- automatic tool retraction system
- automatic tool retraction/correction/reentry system
- automatic tool wear/tool broken sensing system
- automatically taught system
- automation system
- autonomous system
- autopatch system
- AWS system
- axis drive system
- axis motor system
- axis-stopping system
- backlash-free friction system
- back-to-back system
- balance system
- balanced system of forces
- balanced system
- bar feed system
- bar pulling system
- bar pusher system
- barring coding system
- base coordinate system
- base data system
- base file system
- base operating information system
- basic disk operating system
- basic hole system
- basic input/output system
- basic NC system
- basic programming system
- basic shaft system
- batching system
- batch-machining system
- battery system
- BCC management information system
- beam delivery system
- belt turnover system
- belt twist system
- binary system
- binary vision system
- biped robotic system
- block-tool system
- block-type tool change system
- bonded stores system
- boring system
- bought-in control system
- brake system
- branch information system
- breakaway system
- breathing system
- broad system of ordering
- BTA deep-hole-drilling system
- BTA-style deep-hole-drilling system
- bug-free system
- building block system
- bulk system
- business information system
- buy-and-plug-in system
- C/C system
- cable and hose carrying system
- CAD access system
- CAD system
- CAD/CAM system
- CAD/CAM/CAE and product data management system
- CAD/CAM/CAE system
- CAD/CAPP/CAM system
- CADAR system
- CAD-integrating system
- CAD-only system
- CAE system
- CAE/CAD/CAM system
- CAG system
- CAM system
- cam-and-lever system
- capacitance-based measuring system
- CAPP system
- capture system
- carrierband system
- cart/pallet transfer system
- Cartesian coordinate system
- cassette jaw-change system
- cell control system
- cell management system
- cell-type system
- cellular manufacturing system
- central analog data distributing and controlling system
- central automatic message accounting system
- central storage system
- centralized control system
- centralized coolant and extractor system
- centralized swarf conveying system
- centralized swarf removal system
- chain conveyor system
- check system
- checking system
- checkout system
- chiller system
- chip conveyor system
- chip guard system
- chip-evacuation system
- chuck/chuck jaw changing system
- chucking system
- chuck-jaw system
- chuck-loading system
- CIM system
- circular monitoring system
- circular part-processing system
- circulating lubrication system
- circulating oil system
- circulation system
- clamping system
- closed cooling system
- closed loop control system
- closed loop machine control system
- closed loop size control system
- closed loop system
- closed-proprietary system
- CM system
- CNC hardware system
- CNC machine tool system
- CNC programming system
- CNC system
- CNC transfer system
- CNC-ACC system
- CNC-control system
- coherent system of units
- collecting system
- collet pad top jaw system
- combined cooling system
- combined production system
- command-line NC system
- commercial vision system
- communication system
- companion system
- comprehensive power measurement system
- computer analysis and design system
- computer automation real-time operating system
- computer data communication system
- computer NC system
- computer system
- computer vision system
- computer-aided design support system
- computer-aided dispatch system
- computer-aided gaging system
- computer-aided programming system
- computer-aided telemetry system
- computer-aided test system
- computer-assisted command system
- computer-assisted message processing system
- computer-assisted microfilm retrieval system
- computer-assisted operation sequence planning system
- computer-automated machine-tool system
- computer-automated test system
- computer-based management system
- computer-based message system
- computer-controlled materials-handling system
- computer-controlled system
- computer-coordinated measuring system
- computer-directed swing-arm tool-changing system
- computer-driven control system
- computer-hosted manufacturing system
- computer-integrated manufacturing system
- computer-integrated system
- computerized information retrieval system
- computerized machine control system
- computerized manufacturing system
- computerized numerical control system
- computerized production control system
- computerized shopfloor data collection system
- computer-oriented production management system
- computer-oriented system
- computing system
- concurrent force system
- conductor system
- conservative system
- constant delivery system
- constant volume system
- constant-contact scanning system
- constraint satisfaction system
- continuous feedback control system
- continuous flow system
- continuous-path CNC system
- continuous-path control system
- contouring control system
- contouring system
- controlled path system
- controlling system
- conventional ACC system
- conversational analysis and drafting system
- conveying system
- conveyor system
- conveyoring system
- conveyorized work-handling system
- coolant clarification system
- coolant laundering system
- coolant mist system
- coolant recirculating system
- coolant recovery system
- coolant recycling system
- coolant supply system
- coolant-circulating system
- coolant-thru-body system
- cooling system
- coordinate drive system
- coordinate system
- coprocessor board system
- copymill control system
- corporate information and office system
- coupling system
- CPS system
- CRT control system
- CRT system
- customer-oriented system
- customized FMS control system
- cut-piece transfer system
- cycloidal tooth system
- data base management system
- data communication system
- data control system
- data input management system
- data management system
- data origination system
- data processing system
- data retrieval system
- data transfer system
- datum system for geometrical tolerancing
- datum system
- DDM system
- decentralized DNC system
- decision enabling system
- decision support system
- dedicated production system
- deep-hole-drilling system
- defect-free machining system
- delivery system
- demand pull flexible system
- demand push flexible system
- departmental management system
- descaling system
- design coordinate system
- design support system
- design-automation system
- design-for-manufacturing system
- design-with-feature system
- desk-top publishing system
- deterministic system
- dexel-based system
- diagnostic communication control system
- diagnostic computer control system
- dialog system
- diamond-lapping system
- digital readout system
- digitizing system
- digitizing/data capture system
- dimensional verification system
- direct impingement starting system
- direct lubrication system
- direct NC system
- discrete-continuous system
- dispatcher system
- distributed computer system
- distributed mass-spring system
- distributed microprocessor system
- distributed processing system
- distributed quality system
- distributed system
- distributive numerical control system
- DNC flexible machining system
- DNC machine control system
- DNC machine tool control system
- DNC system
- DNC/FM system
- document processing system
- document retrieval system
- document search system
- domain-expert system
- Doppler system
- DOS CAM system
- double tube system
- dowel pin system
- DRO system
- drop-feed-lubrication system
- DTP system
- dual laser optical system
- dual laser referencing system
- dual system
- dual-beam LDDM system
- dual-pallet shuttle system
- dual-shaft electric propulsion system
- dynamic beam focusing laser system
- dynamic data system
- dynamic mapping system
- early warning system
- eddy current damper system
- edge-sensing system
- edge-type positioning system
- eight-station pallet system
- electrical contact tracing system
- electrofluidic control system
- emergency protection system
- enclosure system
- encoder checking system
- endpoint locating system
- energy-adaptive system
- energy-saving drive system
- engine starting system
- entry-level NC system
- environmental control system
- equivalent rigid link system
- equivalent systems of forces
- ESD system
- estimating system
- example-driven system
- expert control system
- expert process planning system
- expert system
- external box system
- extractor system
- fact retrieval system
- factory automation system
- fault detection system
- fault-signal system
- FBG system
- feasibility routing system
- feature-based CAM system
- feature-based system
- feed system
- feedback control system
- feedback gaging system
- feedback position control system
- feedback system
- feed-drive system
- feedforward compensatory control system
- feed-only AC system
- feed-overriding system
- FFS system
- file control system
- finite capacity scheduling system
- fixed coordinate system
- fixed-feature NC system
- fixed-rail system
- fixture design system
- fixture system
- fixturing system
- flanged pipe system
- flexible assembly system
- flexible automated manufacturing system
- flexible automation system
- flexible computer-controlled robotic system
- flexible fabricating system
- flexible fixturing system
- flexible handling system
- flexible laser optical system
- flexible laser system
- flexible lathe system
- flexible machine system
- flexible machining center system
- flexible machining system
- flexible manufacturing system
- flexible NC system
- flexible press system
- flexible tooling system
- flexible transfer system
- flexible turning system
- flood coolant system
- flow-line production system
- flow-type manufacturing system
- fluid management system
- fluid power system
- flush-type cooling system
- fly system
- FMS operating system
- FMS/CAD/CAM system
- FMS-type production system
- force measurement system
- force sensory system
- force system
- force-sensing system
- forecasting system
- four-station pallet system
- four-tier quality system
- FROG navigation system
- FROG system
- full-blown system
- fully specified system
- gage system
- gaging computer system
- gaging-and-compensating system
- gantry loading system
- gantry-based turning system
- gantry-style motion system
- gas-turbine starting system
- gating system
- gear roller system
- gear system
- gear testing system
- general information retrieval system
- generative planning system
- generic control system
- generic messaging system
- generic system
- glass fiber system
- glazing system
- goal-seeking system
- graphic numerical control system
- graphic processing system
- graphics system
- graphics-oriented system
- grating measuring system
- gravity oil system
- gray scale imaging system
- grinder vision system
- group control system
- guarding system
- guidance system
- guiding system
- handling system
- handwriting-input system
- hard-automated system
- hardware NC system
- hardware support system
- head change system
- head changer system
- head-changing flexible manufacturing system
- help system
- hierarchical coding system
- hierarchical control system
- hierarchical information control system
- high-noise-immunity system
- high-rise system
- high-speed positioning system
- high-speed-processor control system
- high-volume system
- Hirth gear-tooth system
- holding system
- holding tool system
- hole system
- holonomic system
- host computer-assisted programming system
- host distributive numerical control system
- hybrid computing system
- hydraulic oil system
- hydraulic system
- hydraulic-circuit system
- hypertext system
- ID system
- IDNC system
- illumination system
- image detection system
- image processing system
- imaging system
- IMC system
- immersion-washing system
- inconsistent system of equations
- incremental measuring system
- index system
- indirect lubrication system
- individual lubrication system
- inductive telemetry system
- inductively guided cart system
- industrial vision system
- in-feed system
- inference system
- in-floor chip-disposal system
- information infrastructure system
- information logical system
- information processing system
- information storage and retrieval system
- information system
- information-gathering system
- information-management system
- information-sharing system
- infrared imaging system
- infrared system
- in-house minicomputer system
- in-house system
- inlet control system
- in-process gaging system
- in-process sensing system
- in-process storage system
- insert-selection system
- instrumentation system
- insulating system
- integral movement monitoring system
- integrated CAD/CAPP/CAM system
- integrated CAM system
- integrated circuit numerical control system
- integrated computer system
- integrated information system
- integrated machine system
- integrated machining system
- integrated manufacturing and assembly system
- integrated manufacturing system
- integrated NC machine system
- integrated production system
- integrated sensor system
- intelligent control system
- interactive control system
- interactive graphics processing system
- interactive manufacturing control system
- interconnection system
- interdepartmental communication system
- interferometer measuring system
- interlocking system
- interrupt-driven system
- inventory-management system
- involute tooth system
- IR fault-signal system
- IR system
- ISO system of limits and tolerances
- isolated word recognition system
- jig boring measuring system
- job shop-type flexible system
- joint-actuation system
- just-in-time production system
- kanban pull system
- kinetic control system
- kitting system
- knowledge base management system
- knowledge system
- knowledge-based information system
- knowledge-based system
- krypton laser system
- labeling system
- labor-intensive system
- language-based NC system
- laser beam orientation system
- laser beam positioning system
- laser calibration system
- laser combination energy system
- laser digitizing system
- laser driving system
- laser full automated system
- laser inspection system
- laser interferometer measuring system
- laser machining system
- laser metalworking system
- laser micrometer system
- laser monitoring system
- laser mount system
- laser optical transformation system
- laser pulse power system
- laser pump system
- laser referencing system
- laser thread measurement system
- laser transducer system
- laser-cutting system
- laser-gaging system
- layered control system
- LDDM system
- lead screw drive system
- learning system
- library reference system
- library system
- light guide system
- light recognition system
- line motion control system
- line motion system
- line path system
- linear index system
- linear system of constant coefficients
- linear time invariant system
- linear time-varying system
- linear-encoder-equipped system
- LMFC system
- load/unload system
- loading robot system
- load-monitoring system
- local communications system
- logistics system
- look-up table system
- low-loss optical system
- low-volume lubricant delivery system
- lube system
- lubrication system with continuous delivery
- lubrication system with cyclic delivery
- lubrication system with performance control
- lubrication system without performance control
- lubrication system
- M system
- machine control system
- machine coordinate system
- machine health-monitoring system
- machine management system
- machine surveillance system
- machine tool capability-conditioning system
- machine tool system
- machine vision system
- machine/control system
- machine/tool/workpiece system
- machine-flexible system
- machine-zero reference system
- machining-cell system
- magnetic control system
- magnetic shaft suspension system
- main control system
- maintenance tracking system
- make-up system
- management control system
- management information system
- management system
- management-and-manufacturing system
- managerial reporting system
- man-computer system
- man-machine system
- man-plus-machine system
- manual data input system
- manual programming system
- manufacturing execution system
- manufacturing optimization system
- manufacturing software system
- manufacturing system
- many-degrees-of-freedom system
- many-variable system
- mass-elastic system
- master manufacturing control system
- master-slave control system
- material flow system
- material movement system
- material storage system
- materials-handling control system
- materials-handling system
- matrix array system
- matrix-type system
- MDI contouring control system
- MDI control system
- MDI NC system
- mean line system
- measurement/inspection system
- measuring coordinate system
- measuring system
- measuring/compensation system
- mechanical interface coordinate system
- memory NC system
- memory system
- menu drive system
- menu system
- menu-driven programming system
- metalforming production system with robots
- metalworking laser system
- metamorphic system
- metareasoning system
- metering system
- metrology system
- MIC system
- micro CAD/CAM programming system
- microadjustment system
- microchip-managed control system
- microdispensing system
- microintegrated system
- microload system
- micropackaged distributed system
- microprocessor based system
- microprocessor CNC system
- microprocessor system
- microprocessor-development system
- microstep control system
- microwave drill detection system
- milling CAM system
- milling system
- minicomputer-based numerical control system
- minicomputer-based system
- minicomputer-based test system
- miniload automated storage and retrieval system
- miniload system
- minimal constraint system
- minimum phase shift system
- mist-cooling system
- mixed forging-machining system
- mobility system
- model reference adaptive system
- moderately sized manufacturing system
- modular clamping system
- modular component tooling system
- modular fixture system
- modular holding system
- modular system
- modular tooling system
- modular work holding system
- monitoring system
- monorail material handling system
- motor position sensing system
- mounting system
- MPM system
- MRC system
- MRP system
- MS-DOS system
- multiaxis laser system
- multimachine system
- multimedia system
- multinetwork system
- multipallet system
- multiple computer system
- multiple laser technology system
- multiple pallet changer system
- multiple pallet handling system
- multiple parts feeding system
- multiple sensory system
- multiple spindle head handling-and-changing system
- multiple system of indexing
- multiple-gun spraying system
- multipoint lubrication system
- multipoint network control system
- multiprocessing system
- multiprocessor NC system
- multiprocessor system
- multiproduct manufacturing system
- multiprofile tool system
- multiprogramming system
- multirobot system
- multisensor system
- multiserver queueing system
- multistage system
- multitasking control system
- multiterminal system
- multiuser system
- multivendor information system
- multiwindowing software system
- Nagare system
- narrowly defined expert system
- national information system
- navigation system
- NC contouring system
- NC machine system
- NC part-programming system
- NC system
- NC tooling system
- NC/TP system
- nesting system
- network computer system
- network switching system
- network system
- noise diagnostic system
- noncircular copy-turning system
- noncompensated system
- noncontact laser marking system
- noncontact microwave system
- nonexpert system
- non-NC system
- numerical computer control system
- numerical contour control system
- numerical control system
- numerically controlled tool point system
- object-oriented system
- office system
- office-based programming system
- off-line adviser-type expert system
- off-line programming system
- off-line system
- off-the-shelf system
- oil mist system
- oil scavenge system
- oil system
- oil wash system
- oil-recirculating system
- oligarchical manufacturing system
- OLP system
- one man/one machine system
- one man-one operation-one job system
- one-machine flexible system
- one-piece tape spar-measuring system
- one-shot lubrication system
- on-line information system
- on-line process system
- on-line retrieval system
- on-line system
- on-line tool control system
- on-machine gaging system
- on-machine probing system
- on-off control system
- open architecture system
- open cooling system
- open system
- open-front system
- open-loop control system
- operating system
- operational system
- operator guidance system
- operator-controlled NC system
- optical detection system
- optical laser ranging system
- optical MAP system
- optical measurement/inspection system
- optical recognition system
- optical system for laser processing
- optical tracer backup system
- optical transmission system
- opti-feed system
- optimal-position control system
- order-driven system
- order-entry system
- order-picking system
- oscillating system
- oscillatory system
- out-feed system
- output collecting system
- overall system
- p.-t.-p. NC system
- package confinement system
- paging system
- pallet conveyor system
- pallet gripper system
- pallet ID system
- pallet storage system
- pallet storage/changer system
- pallet/platen transfer system
- pallet/robot flexible-machining system
- pallet-based materials handling system
- pallet-based system
- pallet-changer system
- pallet-coding system
- pallet-handling system
- palletized tool magazine system
- pallet-loading system
- pallet-moving system
- pallet-shuttle change system
- pallet-transfer system
- pallet-transport system
- paperless NC system
- parallel force system
- parallel lubrication system
- parametric CNC system
- part flow system
- part handling-and-storage system
- part program-editing system
- part queue system
- part-conveying system
- partial laser system
- part-programming system
- part-retrieval system
- passively mode-locked laser system
- path control system of a machine
- path control system
- pattern recognition system
- pattern tracing system
- pattern-directed system
- PC system
- PC-based CAD system
- PC-based vision system
- pendant-mounted CNC system
- perceptual system
- permanent electro system
- personal computer-based robotic vision system
- phase switching control system
- photogrammetric vision system
- photooptic tracing system
- photooptical tracing system
- piece rate system
- plane system of forces
- planner-oriented system
- plant-integration system
- platen system
- platform-independent CAM system
- playback system
- plugboard control system
- plugboard programming system
- point-to-point system
- popular laser system
- position control system
- positioning control system
- postprocess inspection system
- postprocess system
- postprocess-feedback gaging system
- potentiometer-setting system
- power generating system
- power system
- powered clamping system
- powered track system
- powerful robot system
- precision positioning system
- predictive machinability system
- predictive maintenance system
- pre-emptive system
- pregaging system
- preload system
- preset tooling system
- presetting system
- prismatic flexible manufacturing system
- prismatic machining system
- probe communication system
- problem-oriented information system
- process planning system
- process-flexible system
- production control system
- production expert system
- production-monitoring system
- productions system
- product-testing system
- programmable automation system
- programmable control system
- programmable logic control system
- programmable power monitoring system
- programmed sequence control system
- programming system
- proof-of-concept system
- proprietary NC system
- propulsion system
- propulsive system
- protection system
- prototype system
- prototyping system
- pull system of production
- pull system
- punch tape NC system
- purpose-made materials feeding system
- push system
- qualitative system
- quality control system
- quality system
- quantity produced systems
- question-and-answer system
- question-answering system
- queuing system
- quick-change system
- quick-change workpiece-fixturing system
- quick-change-cutter system
- rack system
- rack-picking system
- rail-borne robotic handling system
- rail-guided transport system
- random mission system
- random mix system
- random order system
- ranging system
- readout system
- ready-to-go system
- real-time vision system
- recirculation system
- rectangular coordinate system
- rectangular triordinate system
- reeving system
- reference retrieval system
- reference system
- reflecting high-power beam optical system
- register system
- registration system
- relay ladder logic system
- reporting system
- reprographic system
- resolver system
- restraint system
- RETIC system
- retrieval system
- retrofit system
- return spring system
- RGV pallet delivery system
- rigid track workpiece transport system
- rigid transfer system
- robot control system
- robot gantry storage-and-retrieval system
- robot learning system
- robot parts-handling system
- robot system
- robot teaching system
- robot tool changing system
- robot-based turning system
- robotic system
- robotic vision system
- robotics CAD system
- robotized metalforming system
- robot-like inspection system
- robot-measuring system
- rod memory system
- roller system
- roll-generating system
- rotary transfer system
- rotary-type tool-mounting system
- rotational system
- routing-flexible system
- rule-based expert system
- running fail-safe system
- running system
- run-time system
- safety actuation system
- safety system
- scale back system
- seam tracking laser processing system
- seam-tracking system
- security system
- selective assembly system
- selective control system
- self-adapting system
- self-contained starting system
- self-contained system
- self-monitoring measuring system
- self-optimizing adaptive control system
- self-programming NC system
- self-teaching system
- self-test system
- sensing system
- sensor system
- sensor-based system
- sensory control system
- sensory feedback system
- sensory interactive system
- sensory-processing system
- sentence recognition system
- sequencing control system
- sequential control system
- series lubrication system
- service system
- servo control system
- servo drive system
- servo positioning system
- servo transducer system
- servo-controlled blade-feed-pressure system
- setting system
- SFP system
- shaft system
- shared tools system
- shopfloor communication message system
- shopfloor part-programming system
- shopfloor programming system
- shopfloor-programming control system
- short-closed oil system
- shuttle car system
- shuttle system
- shuttle-type container system
- side-loading pallet system
- sign system
- signature-analysis system
- silhouetting system
- single system
- single-board computer system
- single-cell system
- single-line lubrication system
- single-point lubrication system
- single-stage system
- single-tube system
- single-unit machining system
- single-variable system
- sinking system
- six-station pallet system
- size-monitoring system
- skidless system
- skid-type system
- small knowledge system
- small scale system
- small-batch manufacturing system
- sociotechnical system
- software-based system
- software-operating system
- solid model CAD system
- solid modeling system
- solids-based system
- sonic digitizing system
- space-monitoring sensor system
- special-purpose CNC system
- special-purpose material handling system
- speech-understanding system
- spindle airblast system
- spindle-probe system
- splash lubrication system
- split-type of tooling system
- spray lubrication system
- sprocket-chain system
- stabilization system
- stabilizing system
- stacking system
- stand-alone system
- standard control system
- standard unit system
- starting system
- statistical process control system
- steady-state system
- stepping motor drive system
- stocker system
- stocking system
- stop-bolt locking system
- storage system
- storage-and-retrieval system
- storage-retrieval system
- straight cut control system
- straight-line control system
- stress calculations infinite element system
- structurally stable system
- structurally unstable system
- stub-tooth system
- subloop system
- supervision system
- supervisory computer control system
- supervisory control system
- surface-measurement system
- surveillance system
- suspension system
- swarf conveyance system
- swarf-management system
- swarf-removal system
- switching system
- synthetic vision system
- system of dimensioning
- system of forces
- system of limits and fits
- system of quantities
- system of the machine retaining devices
- system of units
- tactile sensing system
- tailored NC system
- tailor-made system
- tape-oriented system
- target system
- teach system
- teachable-logic control system
- teaching system
- teach-mode programming system
- technology-intensive system
- telecommunication system
- telemetry gage system
- telemetry system
- teleoperated system
- telepresence system
- telerobotic system
- ten-station pallet system
- term system
- test system
- testing system
- text organizing system
- thermal control system
- thermal enclosure system
- thermal propulsion system
- thread measurement system
- thread measuring system
- three-dimensional CAM system
- three-dimensional coordinate system
- three-wire thread measuring system
- through feed system
- through-the-tool system
- time control system
- time cycle system
- time-shared system
- time-sharing NC programming system
- time-sharing system
- tool animation system
- tool breakage prevention system
- tool change system
- tool condition monitoring system
- tool coolant system
- tool deflection calibration system
- tool identification tag system
- tool life control system
- tool life management system
- tool magazine exchanger system
- tool management system
- tool position-compensating system
- tool shank cleaning system
- tool storage and transport system
- tool storage/management system
- tool-associated system
- tool-clamp system
- tool-holder-work system
- tool-ID system
- tooling AGV system
- tooling system
- tool-in-hand system
- tool-in-use system
- tool-machine system
- tool-monitoring system
- tool-mounting system
- tool-presetting system
- tool-probing system
- tool-to-turret connection system
- tool-transfer system
- torque-monitoring system
- total system
- total-loss lubrication system
- touch-probe digitizer system
- touch-probe digitizing system
- touch-probe system
- towline cart system
- towline conveyor system
- towline handling system
- towline material handling system
- towline transfer system
- tracer control system
- tracing system
- track system
- tracking/scheduling system
- track-monitoring system
- transfer system
- translating system
- transmission system
- transporter system
- traverse-metering system
- tray-type transfer system
- triangulation system
- tribomechanical system
- tri-level stocker system
- triordinate system
- trolley control system
- trouble-free control system
- T-slot system
- tuned system
- turning system
- turning-and-chucking system
- turnkey computer control system
- turnkey system
- turret probing system
- turret tooling system
- two-line lubrication system
- two-machine system
- two-pallet exchange system
- two-shift system
- two-tier inspection system
- unattended machining system
- unattended production system
- uncertain system
- unified system
- unit bore system
- unit system
- unit-build system
- unit-load automated storage and retrieval system
- unit-load system
- UNIX-based 32-bit computer system
- unmonitored control system
- unstable system
- user identification system
- user's CAD system
- V coding system
- vacuum system
- variable pallet system
- variable-coefficient system
- variable-gain ACC system
- variable-mission system
- versatile data acquisition system
- vertical carousel system
- vertical rotating warehouse system
- vibration system
- vibratory system
- video measuring system
- video-based measurement system
- viewing system
- virtual design system
- virtual storage system
- vision guidance system
- vision metrology system
- vision optical system
- vision sensor system
- vision system
- vision tool-presetting system
- vision-based inspection system
- vision-based system
- visual computing system
- visual inspection system
- VME-based system
- voice data entry system
- voice system
- voice-input system
- volume-flexible system
- volume-metric lubrication system
- voluntary standards system
- warehousing system
- warning protection system
- warning system
- wash system
- waste material treatment system
- watchdog system
- waterjet system
- way-lubrication system
- wedge-locked tool clamping system
- wheelhead-measuring system
- windowing system
- wire-cut system
- wire-frame CAD system
- wire-guided transport system
- wire-guided trolley routing system
- word recognition system
- work infeed system
- work transfer system
- work transport system
- workhandling system
- work-holding system
- workpiece-cleaning system
- workstation-oriented CNC system
- zero error position system

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > system
16 OPC

1) Компьютерная техника: Ole Process Control, OLE for Process Control, OLE для управления процессами ( производством)

2) Медицина: Organ Procurement Coordinator (координатор по снабжению донорскими органами)

3) Военный термин: Ordnance Procurement Center, office of primary concern, operational code

4) Техника: for process control OLE, operation code, optical picture control, фотобарабан

5) Фармакология: олигомерные процианидины (oligomeric procyanidins)

6) Автомобильный термин: Центр доработки Опель (Opel Perfomance Centre), онлайновый каталог запасных частей (Online Parts Catalogue)

7) Оптика: optical phase conjugation

8) Телекоммуникации: Origination Point Code (SS7)

9) Сокращение: optician

10) Физиология: Outpatient clinic

11) Электроника: Optical Passive Component, Optical Proximity Correction, Optimal Pressable Ceramic, Optimum Power Calibration, Optimum Power Control, Organic Photo Conductor, Originating Point Code

12) Вычислительная техника: OpenGL Performance Characterization, Overall Performance Category, OLE for Process Control (OLE, HMI, SCADA), OpenGL Performance Characterization (project group, OpenGL, organization)

13) Нефть: Oil Policy Committee, Комитет по нефтяной политике (США; Oil Policy Committee)

14) Биотехнология: Oligodendrocyte precursor cell

15) Транспорт: Opel Performance Car

16) Силикатное производство: ordinary portland cement

17) Фирменный знак: Opel Performance Centre

18) Экология: Oceanographic Data Processing Center

19) Деловая лексика: Open Plant Cleaning

20) Микроэлектроника: оптическая коррекция масок (optical proximity correction, при погружении в глубокий субмикрон)

21) Телефония: Open peripheral controller

22) Сахалин Р: oil productive capacity

23) Океанография: Ocean Products Center

24) Сахалин Ю: object linking and embedding for process control

25) Расширение файла: Organic/Optical Photoconductor

26) Строительные материалы: обычный портландцемент

27) Электротехника: off-peak (operating) conditions, operating conditions, overspeed protection controller

28) Печатные платы: organic photocopier

29) Hi-Fi. Optimum Picture Control

30) Должность: Online Parish Clerk

31) Чат: Original Post Count

32) AMEX. Q C Optics, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > OPC
17 loss

1) потеря; (мн. ч.) потери

2) угар ( металла)

3) затухание, ослабление

4) срыв ( в следящих системах)

5) вчт. проигрыш

6) ущерб; убыток

•

loss by mixture — потери от смешения;

losses by slagging — потери со шлаком;

losses by splashing — потери со всплесками;

loss on ignition — потери при прокаливании;

loss through standing — потери на испарения ( при хранении нефтепродуктов);

losses under load — нагрузочные потери

loss of auxiliary power — потеря вспомогательных источников энергоснабжения

loss of circulation — поглощение бурового раствора

loss of control — потеря управления

loss of dielectric strength — потеря электрической прочности

loss of gloss — потускнение ( дефект лакокрасочного покрытия)

loss of grouser penetration — потеря способности заглубления грунтозацепа

loss of load — отключение нагрузки; сброс нагрузки

loss of lock rate — нарушение синхронизма, выпадение из синхронизма

loss of offsite power — потеря внешних источников энергоснабжения

loss of phase — 1. отключение (обрыв) фазы 2. выпадение из синхронизма, нарушение синхронизма

loss of power — потеря мощности

loss of power supply — нарушение энергоснабжения

loss of prestress — потеря предварительного напряжения ( в арматуре)

loss of resolution — потеря разрешающей способности

loss of stability — нарушение устойчивости

loss of supply — нарушение энергоснабжения

loss of synchronism — нарушение синхронизма, выпадение из синхронизма

loss of vacuum — ухудшение вакуума

-
absorption loss
-
accumulated loss
-
activation loss
-
active return loss
-
added loss
-
additional iron loss
-
aircraft control loss
-
airscrew slip loss
-
alternating hysteresis loss
-
altitude loss
-
antenna-to-medium coupling loss
-
aperture loss
-
apparent power loss
-
arc-drop loss
-
ashpit loss
-
atmospheric evaporation loss
-
attenuation loss
-
attrition loss
-
avoidable loss
-
backwash loss
-
baking loss
-
balance return loss
-
banking loss
-
bearing friction loss
-
bending loss
-
bit loss
-
bleeding loss of greases
-
boil-off losses
-
branching loss
-
breathing loss
-
bridging loss
-
brush contact resistance loss
-
brush friction loss
-
bulk resistive loss
-
burn-off loss
-
cable loss
-
canal loss
-
capacitor loss
-
capacity loss
-
carbon loss
-
carpet loss
-
choke loss
-
circulating current loss
-
circulating loss
-
cladding loss
-
clad loss
-
coil loss
-
cold loss
-
commutator loss
-
component loss
-
compression loss
-
conduction loss
-
connection loss
-
constant loss
-
contact loss
-
convection loss
-
convective loss
-
conversion loss
-
conveyance loss
-
cooling loss
-
copper loss
-
core loss
-
corona power loss
-
corrosion loss
-
counting loss
-
coupling loss
-
current loss
-
diameter loss
-
dielectric absorption loss
-
dielectric loss
-
dielectric hysteresis loss
-
directional control loss
-
discharge loss
-
dispersion loss
-
dissipation loss
-
dissipative loss
-
distillation loss
-
distribution loss
-
divergence loss
-
dot loss
-
draft loss
-
dust loss
-
dusting loss
-
early loss
-
echo return loss
-
eddy-current loss
-
edge loss
-
elastic loss
-
electric loss
-
end loss
-
entrance loss
-
equivalent power loss
-
evaporation loss
-
evaporative loss
-
excitation loss
-
exit loss
-
external beat loss
-
fiber loss
-
field I2R loss
-
filling loss
-
filter loss
-
fixed loss
-
flow loss
-
form loss
-
free-space loss
-
Fresnel loss
-
friction loss
-
fuel tank loss
-
gap loss
-
generation losses
-
gyromagnetic resonance loss
-
harmonic tooth-ripple loss
-
head loss
-
head-to-tape spacing loss
-
heat loss
-
heat-leak loss
-
hysteresis loss
-
I2R loss
-
idling loss
-
implementation loss
-
incremental hysteresis loss
-
incremental losses
-
individual process loss
-
induction loss
-
in-process loss
-
insertion loss
-
instrument wall loss
-
insulation loss
-
interaction loss
-
intermodulation loss
-
interstage loss
-
intrinsic loss
-
inverse loss
-
ionization loss
-
iron loss
-
irrigation loss
-
jacket loss
-
Joule's loss
-
kerf loss
-
keying loss
-
late loss
-
latent heat loss
-
leakage loss
-
light leakage loss
-
line loss
-
linewidth loss
-
link loss
-
load loss
-
magnetic hysteresis loss
-
magnetic iron loss
-
magnetic loss
-
mass loss
-
mechanical loss
-
melting loss
-
metal loss
-
milling loss
-
mining loss
-
mismatch loss
-
mode conversion loss
-
multipath loss
-
net loss
-
no-load loss
-
ohmic loss
-
oil stock loss
-
on-state power loss
-
open circuit loss
-
operational loss
-
optical loss
-
oven loss
-
overall loss
-
oxidational loss
-
partial mud loss
-
path loss
-
permeation loss of gasoline
-
piezoelectric loss
-
pipe bend loss
-
pipe loss
-
plasma loss
-
pointing loss
-
power loss
-
preparation loss
-
pressure loss
-
pressure rapid loss
-
process loss
-
propagation loss
-
pumping loss
-
radiant loss
-
radiation loss
-
reactive power loss
-
real loss
-
refining loss
-
reflection loss
-
refraction loss
-
refrigeration loss
-
regularity return loss
-
reject loss
-
relaxation loss
-
residual loss
-
resistance loss
-
resonance loss
-
restriction loss
-
return loss
-
rheostatic loss
-
roasting loss
-
rotational loss
-
rusting loss
-
salting loss
-
scattering loss
-
secondary loss
-
self-demagnetization loss
-
shadow loss
-
sheath loss
-
short-circuit loss
-
shrinkage loss
-
shutdown loss
-
signing return loss
-
slip loss
-
specific loss
-
spillover loss
-
splicing loss
-
spreading loss
-
stack loss
-
standby loss
-
standing evaporation loss
-
startup thermal loss
-
steady-state loss
-
storage loss
-
strand loss
-
stray-field loss
-
stray-load loss
-
supplementary loss
-
tailing loss
-
targeting loss
-
temperature loss
-
thickness loss
-
torque retention loss
-
total loss
-
tracking loss
-
transformer loss
-
transition loss
-
transmission line loss
-
transmission loss
-
treatment loss
-
tropospheric loss
-
turn-off power loss
-
vaporization loss
-
variable loss
-
volatilization loss
-
voltage loss
-
volt-ampere loss
-
volumetric loss
-
wall loss
-
warm-end loss
-
waste-heat loss
-
water loss
-
watt loss
-
weight loss
-
wheeling loss
-
windage loss

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > loss
18 alarm
аварийная сигнализация
Сигнализация, извещающая персонал о возникновении аварийного режима работы объекта или целого участка обслуживаемой установки
[ОАО РАО "ЕЭС России" СТО 17330282.27.010.001-2008]

аварийная сигнализация
Совокупность датчиков и устройств, с помощью которых осуществляется контроль за состоянием работающей системы и оповещение о неисправности с помощью световых или звуковых сигналов.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

Должны быть предусмотрены также аварийная сигнализация по всем видам защиты и предупредительная сигнализация.
[ ГОСТ 30533-97]

Каждая медицинская система IT должна иметь устройство для звуковой и световой аварийной сигнализации, которое устанавливают так, чтобы оно находилось под постоянным контролем медицинского персонала и было оборудовано:
- зеленой сигнальной лампой (лампами) для индикации нормальной работы;
- желтой сигнальной лампой, которая загорается, когда сопротивление изоляции достигает минимально допустимого значения. Для данной сигнализации не допускается возможность сброса или отключения;
- желтой сигнальной лампой, которая загорается при превышении нормируемой температуры обмоток трансформатора. Для данной сигнализации не допускается возможность сброса или отключения;
- желтой сигнальной лампой, которая загорается, когда возникает перегрузка трансформатора, не превышающая нормируемую двухчасовую перегрузку, и переходит в мигающий режим, когда перегрузка превышает нормируемую величину двухчасовой перегрузки. Для данной сигнализации не допускается возможность сброса или отключения.
[ГОСТ Р 50571.28-2006(МЭК 60364-7-710:2002)]

Если резервный вентилятор не установлен, то следует предусмотреть включение аварийной сигнализации.

Тематики
- автоматизация, основные понятия
- электросвязь, основные понятия
Действия
- включение сигнализации
- срабатывание сигнализации
Сопутствующие термины
- задержка срабатывания (включения) сигнализации
EN
аварийное сообщение
-

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

The system offers diagnostic and statistics functions and configurable warnings and faults, allowing better prediction of component maintenance, and provides data to continuously improve the entire system.
[Schneider Electric]

Система (управления электродвигателем) предоставляет оператору различную диагностическую и статистическую информацию и позволяет сконфигурировать предупредительные и аварийные сообщения, что дает возможность лучше планировать техническое обслуживание и постоянно улучшать систему в целом.
[Перевод Интент]

Various alarm notifications are available to indicate a compromised security state such as forced entry and door position.
[APC]

Устройство может формировать различные аварийные сообщения о нарушении защиты, например, о несанкционированном проникновении или об изменении положения двери.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- автоматизированные системы
- управление электродвигателями
EN
аварийный сигнал
alarm
Сигнал оповещения, генерируемый в случае, если произошел отказ или контролируемый параметр вышел за допустимые пределы.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

аварийный сигнал
beacon
BCN
Сигнал, посылаемый от неисправного узла сети.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

аварийный сигнал
fate signal
Сообщение, сигнализирующее об отказе или пропадании входной информации.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

аварийный сигнал
safety signal
Сигнал, поступающий отдатчиков охранной сигнализации.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

EN

alarm
activation of an event that shows a critical state
[IEC 61158-5-10, ed. 2.0 (2010-08)]

alarm
type of Event associated with a state condition that typically requires acknowledgement
[ IEC 62541-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-02)]

alarm
an audible, visual, or other signal activated when the instrument reading exceeds a preset value or falls outside of a preset range
[IEC 62533, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarm
warning of the presence of a hazard to life, property or the environment
[IEC 62642-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarm
audio and visual signal announcing a condition requiring attention. The audio continues until acknowledged. The acoustic noise pressure of the alarm is at least 75 dBA but not greater than 85 dBA at a distance of 1 m (IEC 60945). The visual indication continues until the alarm condition is removed
[IEC 62065, ed. 1.0 (2002-03)]

alarm
item of diagnostic, prognostic, or guidance information, which is used to alert the operator and to draw his or her attention to a process or system deviation
NOTE Specific information provided by alarms includes the existence of an anomaly for which corrective action might be needed, the cause and potential consequences of the anomaly, the overall plant status, corrective action to the anomaly, and feedback of corrective actions.

Two types of deviation may be recognised:
– unplanned – undesirable process deviations and equipment faults;
– planned – deviations in process conditions or equipment status that are the expected response to but could be indicative of undesirable plant conditions.
[IEC 62241, ed. 1.0 (2004-11)]

FR

alarme
signal sonore, visuel ou autre, activé lorsque la lecture de l’instrument excède une valeur préréglée ou sortant d’un domaine déterminé
[IEC 62533, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarme
avertissement de la présence d'un risque concernant la vie, la propriété ou l'environnement
[IEC 62642-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarme
élément informatif relatif au diagnostic, au pronostique ou à une recommandation, qui est utilisé pour alerter l’opérateur et pour attirer son attention sur une déviation du procédé ou d’un système
NOTE L’information particulière fournie par les alarmes couvre l’existence d’anomalies pour lesquelles une action corrective pourrait être nécessaire, la cause et les conséquences potentielles de l’anomalie, l’état général de la centrale, l’action corrective correspondant à l’anomalie et le retour de l’action corrective.

Deux types de déviation peuvent être distingués:
– non prévue – Déviations du procédé indésirable et défaillance de matériels;
– prévue – Déviations relatives aux conditions du procédé ou aux états des matériels qui sont les réponses prévues, mais qui peuvent être indicatives de conditions indésirables pour la centrale.
[IEC 62241, ed. 1.0 (2004-11)]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

When the accumulated energy dropout setpoint and time delay are satisfied, the alarm is inactive.
[Schneider Electric]

Если подсчитанное количество электроэнергии становится меньше заданного максимального значения и заданное время задержки истекло, аварийный сигнал отключается.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- автоматизация, основные понятия
- релейная защита
- электросвязь, основные понятия
Действия
- включается
- отключается
EN
FR
- alarme
аварийный сигнал
аварийная сигнализация
Оповещение оператора о наступлении определенного события, связанного с нарушением или угрозой нарушения регламентного течения технологического процесса.
[ http://kazanets.narod.ru/AlarmsArchive.htm]

Аварийные сигналы настраиваются путем задания предельных значений (границ, thresholds) индивидуально для каждой процессной переменной. Система автоматически отслеживает изменение процессной переменной и сопоставляет ее значение с заранее настроенными границами. В случае выхода переменной за нормальные границы система генерирует оповещение и фиксирует его в журнале аварийных сигналов. Рассмотрим наиболее часто используемые аварийные сигналы для аналоговых величин:

Lo – нижняя предупредительная граница. В случае если процессная переменная становится меньше Lo, генерируется предупредительное оповещение.

LoLo – нижняя аварийная граница. В случае если процессная переменная становится меньше LoLo, генерируется аварийный сигнал.

Hi - верхняя предупредительная граница. В случае если процессная переменная становится больше Hi, генерируется предупредительное оповещение.

HiHi – верхняя аварийная граница. В случае если процессная переменная становится больше HiHi, генерируется аварийный сигнал.

DEV_HI (DEVIATION_HI) – верхняя граница отклонения (рассогласования). Если разность (абсолютное значение) между двумя переменными становится больше DEV_HI, то генерируется аварийный сигнал. Например, такой сигнал можно настроить у блока PID; в этом случае система будет сигнализировать об отклонении регулируемой величины от уставки, превышающей границу DEV_HI. По аналогии можно настроить сигнал DEV_LO.

ROC_HI (RATE_OF_CHANGE_HI) – верхняя граница скорости изменения. Система отслеживает скорость изменения процессной переменной (первую производную). Если скорость возрастания переменной выше границы ROC_HI, то генерируется аварийный сигнал.

Для дискретных переменных сигналов гораздо меньше. По сути их всего две – аварийное состояние, соответствующее значению 1, или авария в случае значения 0.

На рис. 4 показана схема появления аварийных сигналов на примере быстро изменяющейся процессной переменной. Стоит отменить, что на рисунке изображены отнюдь не все генерируемые оповещения. Например, при возврате переменной обратно в нормальный диапазон значений, кроме изображенных на рисунке, генерируется оповещение RETURN_TO_NORMAL

Рис. 4. Пример генерации аварийных сигналов и оповещений.

Важность (или критичность) аварийного сигнала определяется приоритетом (целое число). Как правило, чем выше приоритет у аварийного сигнала, тем критичнее она для производства, и тем быстрее на нее надо обратить внимание.

При появлении аварийного сигнала у оператора есть два варианта действий:

1. Игнорировать его. Не всегда хорошее решение, мягко говоря. При этом если процессная переменная вернется обратно в нормальные границы, то появиться новое оповещение UNACK_RETURN_TO_NORMAL, говорящее о том, что оператор проспал аварийное событие, но, к счастью, все нормализовалось.

2. Подтвердить, что сигнал замечен оператором ( acknowledge). Дело в том, что сразу после появления аварийного сигнала ему автоматически присваивается статус UNACK (не подтвержден). Как только сигнал подтверждают (иногда говорят “квитируют”), его статус становится ACK (подтвержден). В этом случае возврат переменной в нормальные границы ведет к появлению оповещения ACK_RETURN_TO_NORMAL, свидетельствующее о том, что оператор “держит ухо востро”.

Аварийные сигналы можно произвольно группировать. На практике группировка проводится путем распределения процессных переменных, а следовательно, и соответствующих им аварийных сигналов по различным технологическим участкам ( plant areas) и установкам ( plant units).

[ http://kazanets.narod.ru/AlarmsArchive.htm]

Тематики
- автоматизированные системы
Синонимы
- аварийная сигнализация
EN
- alarm
предупредительный сигнал
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

предупредительный сигнал
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
- alarm
- warning signal
предупреждать об опасности
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики
- энергетика в целом
EN
- alarm
- aim
сигнал тревоги
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

аларм
(в документации Schneider Electric)
-
[Интент]

Тематики
- автоматизированные системы
Синонимы
- аларм (в документации Schneider Electric)
EN
- alarm
сигнализатор
Техническое средство, предназначенное для извещения о наличии или отсутствии физической величины установленного значения.
[РД 01.120.00-КТН-228-06]

сигнализатор
устройство аварийной сигнализации
Устройство, с помощью которого осуществляется подача звуковых или световых сигналов, предупреждающих обслуживающий персонал о неисправности или возникновении нештатной ситуации.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

Тематики
- автоматизация, основные понятия
- электросвязь, основные понятия
Синонимы
- устройство аварийной сигнализации
EN
- alarm
сигнализация
Устройство, обеспечивающее подачу звукового или светового сигнала при достижении предупредительного значения контролируемого параметра.
[ПБ 12-529-03 Правила безопасности систем газораспределения и газопотребления, утверждены постановлением Госгортехнадзора России от 18. 03. 2003 №9]
[СТО Газпром РД 2.5-141-2005]

сигнализация
-
[ ГОСТ Р 54325-2011 (IEC/TS 61850-2:2003)]

Тематики
- газораспределение
- релейная защита
EN
- alarm
- alm
сигнальное устройство
Устройство, осуществляющее визуальные или звуковые сигналы, привлекающие внимание обслуживающего персонала.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-426-2006]

Тематики
- взрывозащита
EN
- alarm
тревога (на охраняемом объекте)
Предупреждение о наличии опасности или угрозы для жизни человека (людей), ценностей (имущества), окружающей среды, выдаваемое техническим средством охраны/безопасности, людьми.
[РД 25.03.001-2002]

Тематики
- системы охраны и безопасности объектов
EN
- alarm
устройство аварийной сигнализации
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
EN
- alarm
3.3 сигнал тревоги (alarm): Указание на нарушение безопасности, необычное или опасное состояние, которое может потребовать немедленного внимания.

Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО/ТО 13569-2007: Финансовые услуги. Рекомендации по информационной безопасности

3.2 сигнальное устройство (alarm): Электрооборудование, осуществляющее визуальные или звуковые сигналы, предназначенные для привлечения внимания.

Источник: ГОСТ Р МЭК 60079-13-2010: Взрывоопасные среды. Часть 13. Защита оборудования помещениями под избыточным давлением «p» оригинал документа

3.1 сигнальное устройство (alarm): Электрооборудование, осуществляющее визуальные или звуковые сигналы, предназначенные для привлечения внимания.

Источник: ГОСТ Р МЭК 60079-2-2009: Взрывоопасные среды. Часть 2. Оборудование с защитой вида заполнение или продувка оболочки под избыточным давлением "р" оригинал документа

3.1 предупреждение (alarm): Сигнал или сообщение, извещающее персонал о появлении отклонения или совокупности отклонений, требующих корректирующих действий.

Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 13379-2009: Контроль состояния и диагностика машин. Руководство по интерпретации данных и методам диагностирования оригинал документа

3.3 сигнал тревоги (alarm): Указание на нарушение безопасности, необычное или опасное состояние, которое может потребовать немедленного внимания.

Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО ТО 13569-2007: Финансовые услуги. Рекомендации по информационной безопасности
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > alarm
19 alert message
1. аварийный сигнал
2. аварийное сообщение
аварийное сообщение
-

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

The system offers diagnostic and statistics functions and configurable warnings and faults, allowing better prediction of component maintenance, and provides data to continuously improve the entire system.
[Schneider Electric]

Система (управления электродвигателем) предоставляет оператору различную диагностическую и статистическую информацию и позволяет сконфигурировать предупредительные и аварийные сообщения, что дает возможность лучше планировать техническое обслуживание и постоянно улучшать систему в целом.
[Перевод Интент]

Various alarm notifications are available to indicate a compromised security state such as forced entry and door position.
[APC]

Устройство может формировать различные аварийные сообщения о нарушении защиты, например, о несанкционированном проникновении или об изменении положения двери.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- автоматизированные системы
- управление электродвигателями
EN
аварийный сигнал
alarm
Сигнал оповещения, генерируемый в случае, если произошел отказ или контролируемый параметр вышел за допустимые пределы.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

аварийный сигнал
beacon
BCN
Сигнал, посылаемый от неисправного узла сети.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

аварийный сигнал
fate signal
Сообщение, сигнализирующее об отказе или пропадании входной информации.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

аварийный сигнал
safety signal
Сигнал, поступающий отдатчиков охранной сигнализации.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

EN

alarm
activation of an event that shows a critical state
[IEC 61158-5-10, ed. 2.0 (2010-08)]

alarm
type of Event associated with a state condition that typically requires acknowledgement
[ IEC 62541-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-02)]

alarm
an audible, visual, or other signal activated when the instrument reading exceeds a preset value or falls outside of a preset range
[IEC 62533, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarm
warning of the presence of a hazard to life, property or the environment
[IEC 62642-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarm
audio and visual signal announcing a condition requiring attention. The audio continues until acknowledged. The acoustic noise pressure of the alarm is at least 75 dBA but not greater than 85 dBA at a distance of 1 m (IEC 60945). The visual indication continues until the alarm condition is removed
[IEC 62065, ed. 1.0 (2002-03)]

alarm
item of diagnostic, prognostic, or guidance information, which is used to alert the operator and to draw his or her attention to a process or system deviation
NOTE Specific information provided by alarms includes the existence of an anomaly for which corrective action might be needed, the cause and potential consequences of the anomaly, the overall plant status, corrective action to the anomaly, and feedback of corrective actions.

Two types of deviation may be recognised:
– unplanned – undesirable process deviations and equipment faults;
– planned – deviations in process conditions or equipment status that are the expected response to but could be indicative of undesirable plant conditions.
[IEC 62241, ed. 1.0 (2004-11)]

FR

alarme
signal sonore, visuel ou autre, activé lorsque la lecture de l’instrument excède une valeur préréglée ou sortant d’un domaine déterminé
[IEC 62533, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarme
avertissement de la présence d'un risque concernant la vie, la propriété ou l'environnement
[IEC 62642-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarme
élément informatif relatif au diagnostic, au pronostique ou à une recommandation, qui est utilisé pour alerter l’opérateur et pour attirer son attention sur une déviation du procédé ou d’un système
NOTE L’information particulière fournie par les alarmes couvre l’existence d’anomalies pour lesquelles une action corrective pourrait être nécessaire, la cause et les conséquences potentielles de l’anomalie, l’état général de la centrale, l’action corrective correspondant à l’anomalie et le retour de l’action corrective.

Deux types de déviation peuvent être distingués:
– non prévue – Déviations du procédé indésirable et défaillance de matériels;
– prévue – Déviations relatives aux conditions du procédé ou aux états des matériels qui sont les réponses prévues, mais qui peuvent être indicatives de conditions indésirables pour la centrale.
[IEC 62241, ed. 1.0 (2004-11)]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

When the accumulated energy dropout setpoint and time delay are satisfied, the alarm is inactive.
[Schneider Electric]

Если подсчитанное количество электроэнергии становится меньше заданного максимального значения и заданное время задержки истекло, аварийный сигнал отключается.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- автоматизация, основные понятия
- релейная защита
- электросвязь, основные понятия
Действия
- включается
- отключается
EN
FR
- alarme
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > alert message
20 alarm signal
аварийный сигнал
alarm
Сигнал оповещения, генерируемый в случае, если произошел отказ или контролируемый параметр вышел за допустимые пределы.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

аварийный сигнал
beacon
BCN
Сигнал, посылаемый от неисправного узла сети.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

аварийный сигнал
fate signal
Сообщение, сигнализирующее об отказе или пропадании входной информации.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

аварийный сигнал
safety signal
Сигнал, поступающий отдатчиков охранной сигнализации.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

EN

alarm
activation of an event that shows a critical state
[IEC 61158-5-10, ed. 2.0 (2010-08)]

alarm
type of Event associated with a state condition that typically requires acknowledgement
[ IEC 62541-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-02)]

alarm
an audible, visual, or other signal activated when the instrument reading exceeds a preset value or falls outside of a preset range
[IEC 62533, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarm
warning of the presence of a hazard to life, property or the environment
[IEC 62642-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarm
audio and visual signal announcing a condition requiring attention. The audio continues until acknowledged. The acoustic noise pressure of the alarm is at least 75 dBA but not greater than 85 dBA at a distance of 1 m (IEC 60945). The visual indication continues until the alarm condition is removed
[IEC 62065, ed. 1.0 (2002-03)]

alarm
item of diagnostic, prognostic, or guidance information, which is used to alert the operator and to draw his or her attention to a process or system deviation
NOTE Specific information provided by alarms includes the existence of an anomaly for which corrective action might be needed, the cause and potential consequences of the anomaly, the overall plant status, corrective action to the anomaly, and feedback of corrective actions.

Two types of deviation may be recognised:
– unplanned – undesirable process deviations and equipment faults;
– planned – deviations in process conditions or equipment status that are the expected response to but could be indicative of undesirable plant conditions.
[IEC 62241, ed. 1.0 (2004-11)]

FR

alarme
signal sonore, visuel ou autre, activé lorsque la lecture de l’instrument excède une valeur préréglée ou sortant d’un domaine déterminé
[IEC 62533, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarme
avertissement de la présence d'un risque concernant la vie, la propriété ou l'environnement
[IEC 62642-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-06)]

alarme
élément informatif relatif au diagnostic, au pronostique ou à une recommandation, qui est utilisé pour alerter l’opérateur et pour attirer son attention sur une déviation du procédé ou d’un système
NOTE L’information particulière fournie par les alarmes couvre l’existence d’anomalies pour lesquelles une action corrective pourrait être nécessaire, la cause et les conséquences potentielles de l’anomalie, l’état général de la centrale, l’action corrective correspondant à l’anomalie et le retour de l’action corrective.

Deux types de déviation peuvent être distingués:
– non prévue – Déviations du procédé indésirable et défaillance de matériels;
– prévue – Déviations relatives aux conditions du procédé ou aux états des matériels qui sont les réponses prévues, mais qui peuvent être indicatives de conditions indésirables pour la centrale.
[IEC 62241, ed. 1.0 (2004-11)]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

When the accumulated energy dropout setpoint and time delay are satisfied, the alarm is inactive.
[Schneider Electric]

Если подсчитанное количество электроэнергии становится меньше заданного максимального значения и заданное время задержки истекло, аварийный сигнал отключается.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- автоматизация, основные понятия
- релейная защита
- электросвязь, основные понятия
Действия
- включается
- отключается
EN
FR
- alarme
сигнал о неисправности
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
EN
- trouble signal
- alarm signal
сигнал оповещения
alert
Световой или звуковой сигнал, подаваемый с целью привлечь внимание оператора или предупреждающий о необходимости совершить какие-либо действия.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
- alarm signal
- alert
сигнал предупредительной защиты ядерного реактора
сигнал ПЗ
Сигнал, характеризующий срабатывание предупредительной защиты ядерного реактора.
[ ГОСТ 17137-87]

Тематики
- системы контроля, управл. и защиты ядерных реакторов
Синонимы
- сигнал ПЗ
EN
- alarm signal
3.2.2 аварийный сигнал (alarm signal): Звуковой, световой, электрический или сигнал другого типа, выдаваемый газоанализатором, когда измеренное значение содержания определяемого компонента достигает порогового значения.

Источник: ГОСТ Р 52350.29.4-2011: Взрывоопасные среды. Часть 29-4. Газоанализаторы. Общие технические требования и методы испытаний газоанализаторов горючих газов с открытым оптическим каналом оригинал документа
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > alarm signal

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